Test Bank for Advanced Assessment: Interpreting Findings
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and Formulating Differential Diagnoses, 5th Edition, Mary
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bm JoGoolsby, Laurie Grubbs Chapter 1 - 22 | Complete
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,Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
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Multiple Choice
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Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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bm 1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
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A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
bm 2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
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A. Methodical and systematic bm bm
B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language
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C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
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D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements
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Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
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bm 3. A. Chief complaint bm
B. History of the present illness bm bm bm bm
C. Current vital signs bm bm
D. All of the above are essential history components
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Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner
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bm 4. must beable to:
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A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings bm bm bm bm bm
B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
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C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
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D. Foresee unpredictable findings bm bm
The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
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bm 5. A. Evidence-based investigations bm
B. Primary reports of research bm bm bm
C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience bm bm bm bm bm
D. Published meta-analyses bm
The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
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bm 6. A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article
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B. Clinical practice guidelines bm bm
C. Evidence-based research bm
D. All of the above bm bm bm
If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
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A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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bm 7. B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
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D. None of the above bm bm bm
,bm 8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
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A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
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D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
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bm 9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
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A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
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B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
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C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
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D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
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bm bm bm b m 10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based resource
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bmbased on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select
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bmsituations, settings, and/orpatients?
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b
A. Clinical practice bm
B. guidelineClinical
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C. decision rule Clinical
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D. algorithm Clinical
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recommendation
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, Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making:
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Answer Section
Overview
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MULTIPLE CHOICE
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1. ANS: B b m
Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-making:
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intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision-making (similar to Augenblink decision-making)
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is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and
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paired with fairly common errors. In contrast, analytical decision-making is based on
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careful consideration and has greater reliabilitywith rare errors.
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PTS: 1
2. ANS: D b m
To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s
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verbal andnonverbal language, and able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
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to questions. Rather than reading into the patient’s statements, they clarify any areas
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of uncertainty.
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PTS: 1
3. ANS: C b m
Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the
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healthhistory.
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PTS: 1
4. ANS: D b m
While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate
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betweennormal and abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions,
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including their associated signs and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect
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the response to other conditions, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal
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findings.
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PTS: 1
5. ANS: C b m
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and
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published meta-analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most
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widely used and available for application to the reasoning process, is the estimation
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based on a provider’s experience, although these are rarely accurate. Over the past
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decade, the availability of evidence on which to base clinical reasoning is improving,
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and there is an increasing expectation that clinical reasoningbe based on scientific
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evidence. Evidence-based statistics are also increasingly being used to develop
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resources to facilitate clinical decision-making.
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PTS: 1
6. ANS: D b m
To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-based resources have been
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developedto assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and clinical practice
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guidelines, assist in clinical reasoning when properly applied.
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Distribution bmof bmthis bmdocument bmis bmillegal
bm bm bm bm bm bm bm
and Formulating Differential Diagnoses, 5th Edition, Mary
bm bm bm bm bm bm
bm JoGoolsby, Laurie Grubbs Chapter 1 - 22 | Complete
m
b bm bm m
b bm bm bm bm bm
,Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
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Multiple Choice
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Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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bm 1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
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A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
bm 2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
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A. Methodical and systematic bm bm
B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language
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C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
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D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements
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Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
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bm 3. A. Chief complaint bm
B. History of the present illness bm bm bm bm
C. Current vital signs bm bm
D. All of the above are essential history components
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Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner
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bm 4. must beable to:
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b bm
A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings bm bm bm bm bm
B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
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C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
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D. Foresee unpredictable findings bm bm
The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
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bm 5. A. Evidence-based investigations bm
B. Primary reports of research bm bm bm
C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience bm bm bm bm bm
D. Published meta-analyses bm
The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
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bm 6. A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article
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B. Clinical practice guidelines bm bm
C. Evidence-based research bm
D. All of the above bm bm bm
If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
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A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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bm 7. B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
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D. None of the above bm bm bm
,bm 8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
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A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
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D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
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bm 9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
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A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
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B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
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C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
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D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
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bm bm bm b m 10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based resource
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bmbased on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select
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bmsituations, settings, and/orpatients?
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b
A. Clinical practice bm
B. guidelineClinical
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C. decision rule Clinical
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D. algorithm Clinical
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recommendation
bm
, Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making:
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Answer Section
Overview
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MULTIPLE CHOICE
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1. ANS: B b m
Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-making:
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intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision-making (similar to Augenblink decision-making)
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is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and
bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm
paired with fairly common errors. In contrast, analytical decision-making is based on
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careful consideration and has greater reliabilitywith rare errors.
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b bm bm
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D b m
To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s
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verbal andnonverbal language, and able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
bm bm m
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to questions. Rather than reading into the patient’s statements, they clarify any areas
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of uncertainty.
bm bm
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C b m
Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the
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healthhistory.
bm m
b
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D b m
While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate
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betweennormal and abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions,
bm m
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including their associated signs and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect
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the response to other conditions, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal
bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm
findings.
bm
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C b m
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and
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published meta-analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most
bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm
widely used and available for application to the reasoning process, is the estimation
bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm
based on a provider’s experience, although these are rarely accurate. Over the past
bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm
decade, the availability of evidence on which to base clinical reasoning is improving,
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and there is an increasing expectation that clinical reasoningbe based on scientific
bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm m
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evidence. Evidence-based statistics are also increasingly being used to develop
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resources to facilitate clinical decision-making.
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PTS: 1
6. ANS: D b m
To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-based resources have been
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developedto assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and clinical practice
bm m
b bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm bm
guidelines, assist in clinical reasoning when properly applied.
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Downloaded bmby: bmStuviaaa bm|
Distribution bmof bmthis bmdocument bmis bmillegal