DELTA MODULE 1 QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS
Test-Teach-Test - ANSWERSA lesson design in which learners first perform a task,
which the teacher uses to assess learners' specific needs. They are then taught
whatever they need in order to re-do the task more effectively.
modality - ANSWERSThe lexical and grammatical ways used by speakers to express
their attitude to what they're saying. For example: Maybe Sarah is a chef. (lexical
_______: adverb)
cohesion - ANSWERSThe use of grammatical and lexical means to achieve connected
text, either spoken or written.
induction - ANSWERSThe process of working out rules on the basis of examples. Also
called discovery learning.
priming - ANSWERSThe process by which a word gathers particular associations
through repeated encounters.
process writing - ANSWERSAn approach to writing where learners are encouraged to
brainstorm, plan, draft, re-draft, review, and "publish" their written work.
word family - ANSWERSA group of words which share the same root but have different
affixes, as in care, careful, careless, carefree, uncaring, carer.
sentence - ANSWERSThe largest purely grammatical unit in a language.
silent period - ANSWERSThis refers to the fact that children learning their first language
go through a lengthy period simply listening before they say their first words.
uptake - ANSWERSWhat learners report to have learnt from a language lesson.
Typically this does not match what the teacher intended to teach.
,notional syllabus - ANSWERSA syllabus that is organised according to general areas of
meaning that are used in most grammars, such as frequency, location, duration and
possibility.
deixis - ANSWERSThe way language points to spatial, temporal and personal features
of the context. For example, I have been here three weeks now, the referents of I, here
and now cannot be identified without knowing the context.
phatic language - ANSWERSLanguage whose purpose is to smooth the conduct of
social relations. It has an interpersonal function.
phoneme - ANSWERSOne of the distinctive sounds of a particular language. It cannot
be replaced with another sound without causing a change in meaning.
phonology - ANSWERSThe study of a sound system of a particular language, which
describes the abstract system that allows the speakers of a language to distinguish
meaning from mere verbal noise.
polysemy - ANSWERSThis refers to the case where one word has more than one
related meaning.
prosodic features - ANSWERSThe stress, rhythm, and intonation along with tempo,
loudness and voice quality of speech.
ellipsis - ANSWERSThe leaving out of elements of a sentence because they are either
unnecessary or because their sense can be worked out from the immediate context.
display questions - ANSWERSAsked by teachers in order to find out what a learner can
say in the target language.
face validity - ANSWERSUsed to say that a test is acceptable to a learner, in that it
meets the learner's expectations of what a test should be like.
TALO - ANSWERSText as a Linguistic Object
TAVI - ANSWERSText as a Vehicle for Information
TASP - ANSWERSText as a Stimulus for Production
Dictogloss - ANSWERSA classroom dictation activity where learners are required to
reconstruct a short text by listening and noting down key words, which are then used as
a base for reconstruction.
Diagnostic test - ANSWERSA test that helps the teacher and learners identify problems
that they have with the language.
,Diglossia - ANSWERSA situation where a language that has two forms, one a 'higher'
and more prestigious form used by educated speakers in formal situations, and the
other a 'lower', vernacular form used more commonly.
Dipthong - ANSWERSA one-syllable sound that is made up of two vowels. In Received
Pronunciation English there are eight of these.
Discourse management - ANSWERSThe ability to produce extended written and
spoken texts, for example conversations.
Achievement test - ANSWERSThis test evaluates a learner's understanding of a
specific course or study programme.
Action research - ANSWERSA development tool for a teacher that involves observing or
gathering other data about a class through interviews, case studies, and questionnaires.
Non-gradable adjectives - ANSWERSAdjectives that cannot be expressed in degrees
and so cannot be graded.
Backwash - ANSWERSThe positive or negative impact of a test on classroom teaching.
Substitution - ANSWERSThe replacing of a noun phrase or a clause by a single word in
order to avoid repetition or to make a text more cohesive.
Universal Grammar - ANSWERSThe theory which claims that every speaker of a
language knows a set of principles which apply to all languages and also a set of
parameters that can vary from one language to another, but only within set limits.
Connotation - ANSWERSThe attitudinal meaning of a word, which may be culturally
determined, such as whether it carries a positive or negative meaning.
Nuclear stress - ANSWERSThe place in an utterance where the major pitch movement
begins, marking the focal point of the message.
Fossilisation - ANSWERSA process through which an error has become a permanent
feature of a learner's language use and is believed to be resistant to correction.
Adjacency pair - ANSWERSA sequence of two related utterances by two different
speakers. The first utterance leads to a set of expectations about the response.
Anaphoric reference - ANSWERSA word or phrase that refers back to another word or
phrase which was used earlier in a written or spoken text.
Collocation - ANSWERSTwo or more words that co-occur in a language more often that
would be expected by chance.
, Order of acquisition - ANSWERSThe order in which grammar/language items are
thought to be acquired.
Structural syllabus - ANSWERSA syllabus which is based around a series of
grammatical structures, which are sequenced according to assumed level of complexity.
cognitive deficit - ANSWERSThe limitations on processing information in a second
language compared to in L1.
Tautology - ANSWERSWhen two synonyms are placed consecutively or very close
together for effect. eg. the reason why
Metalanguage - ANSWERSThe language used to describe, analyse or explain another
language including, for example, grammatical terms and rules of syntax.
Realia - ANSWERSReal objects used as teaching aids to make learning more natural.
Includes items such as tickets, pictures, clothes, etc.
Parsing - ANSWERSthe process of analyzing a text to determine its grammatical
structure with respect to a given formal grammar. Also known as syntactic analysis.
Pragmatic competence - ANSWERSThe ability to use language in a contextually
appropriate fashion.
Apodosis - ANSWERSThe main clause in a conditional sentence.
Phatic speech - ANSWERSWords or phrases that have a social function and are not
meant literally. For example, "You're welcome" after hearing thank you doesn't literally
mean the hearer is welcome.
Ephenthesis - ANSWERSThe process of adding vowels to make possible syllables out
of impossible consonant sequences, for example /helep/ for help.
Idiolect - ANSWERSA variety of a language unique to an individual. It is manifested by
patterns of vocabulary or idiom selection (the individual's lexicon), grammar, or
pronunciations that are unique to the individual.
Lexicon - ANSWERSThe vocabulary of a language.
Polyseme - ANSWERSA word or phrase with different, but related senses. eg. a
person's foot, and the foot of the stairs (both relate to the base of something).
Code mixing - ANSWERSSwitching between two or more language within sentences
and phrases - often used to show belonging and solidarity within bilingual or multilingual
communities.
ANSWERS
Test-Teach-Test - ANSWERSA lesson design in which learners first perform a task,
which the teacher uses to assess learners' specific needs. They are then taught
whatever they need in order to re-do the task more effectively.
modality - ANSWERSThe lexical and grammatical ways used by speakers to express
their attitude to what they're saying. For example: Maybe Sarah is a chef. (lexical
_______: adverb)
cohesion - ANSWERSThe use of grammatical and lexical means to achieve connected
text, either spoken or written.
induction - ANSWERSThe process of working out rules on the basis of examples. Also
called discovery learning.
priming - ANSWERSThe process by which a word gathers particular associations
through repeated encounters.
process writing - ANSWERSAn approach to writing where learners are encouraged to
brainstorm, plan, draft, re-draft, review, and "publish" their written work.
word family - ANSWERSA group of words which share the same root but have different
affixes, as in care, careful, careless, carefree, uncaring, carer.
sentence - ANSWERSThe largest purely grammatical unit in a language.
silent period - ANSWERSThis refers to the fact that children learning their first language
go through a lengthy period simply listening before they say their first words.
uptake - ANSWERSWhat learners report to have learnt from a language lesson.
Typically this does not match what the teacher intended to teach.
,notional syllabus - ANSWERSA syllabus that is organised according to general areas of
meaning that are used in most grammars, such as frequency, location, duration and
possibility.
deixis - ANSWERSThe way language points to spatial, temporal and personal features
of the context. For example, I have been here three weeks now, the referents of I, here
and now cannot be identified without knowing the context.
phatic language - ANSWERSLanguage whose purpose is to smooth the conduct of
social relations. It has an interpersonal function.
phoneme - ANSWERSOne of the distinctive sounds of a particular language. It cannot
be replaced with another sound without causing a change in meaning.
phonology - ANSWERSThe study of a sound system of a particular language, which
describes the abstract system that allows the speakers of a language to distinguish
meaning from mere verbal noise.
polysemy - ANSWERSThis refers to the case where one word has more than one
related meaning.
prosodic features - ANSWERSThe stress, rhythm, and intonation along with tempo,
loudness and voice quality of speech.
ellipsis - ANSWERSThe leaving out of elements of a sentence because they are either
unnecessary or because their sense can be worked out from the immediate context.
display questions - ANSWERSAsked by teachers in order to find out what a learner can
say in the target language.
face validity - ANSWERSUsed to say that a test is acceptable to a learner, in that it
meets the learner's expectations of what a test should be like.
TALO - ANSWERSText as a Linguistic Object
TAVI - ANSWERSText as a Vehicle for Information
TASP - ANSWERSText as a Stimulus for Production
Dictogloss - ANSWERSA classroom dictation activity where learners are required to
reconstruct a short text by listening and noting down key words, which are then used as
a base for reconstruction.
Diagnostic test - ANSWERSA test that helps the teacher and learners identify problems
that they have with the language.
,Diglossia - ANSWERSA situation where a language that has two forms, one a 'higher'
and more prestigious form used by educated speakers in formal situations, and the
other a 'lower', vernacular form used more commonly.
Dipthong - ANSWERSA one-syllable sound that is made up of two vowels. In Received
Pronunciation English there are eight of these.
Discourse management - ANSWERSThe ability to produce extended written and
spoken texts, for example conversations.
Achievement test - ANSWERSThis test evaluates a learner's understanding of a
specific course or study programme.
Action research - ANSWERSA development tool for a teacher that involves observing or
gathering other data about a class through interviews, case studies, and questionnaires.
Non-gradable adjectives - ANSWERSAdjectives that cannot be expressed in degrees
and so cannot be graded.
Backwash - ANSWERSThe positive or negative impact of a test on classroom teaching.
Substitution - ANSWERSThe replacing of a noun phrase or a clause by a single word in
order to avoid repetition or to make a text more cohesive.
Universal Grammar - ANSWERSThe theory which claims that every speaker of a
language knows a set of principles which apply to all languages and also a set of
parameters that can vary from one language to another, but only within set limits.
Connotation - ANSWERSThe attitudinal meaning of a word, which may be culturally
determined, such as whether it carries a positive or negative meaning.
Nuclear stress - ANSWERSThe place in an utterance where the major pitch movement
begins, marking the focal point of the message.
Fossilisation - ANSWERSA process through which an error has become a permanent
feature of a learner's language use and is believed to be resistant to correction.
Adjacency pair - ANSWERSA sequence of two related utterances by two different
speakers. The first utterance leads to a set of expectations about the response.
Anaphoric reference - ANSWERSA word or phrase that refers back to another word or
phrase which was used earlier in a written or spoken text.
Collocation - ANSWERSTwo or more words that co-occur in a language more often that
would be expected by chance.
, Order of acquisition - ANSWERSThe order in which grammar/language items are
thought to be acquired.
Structural syllabus - ANSWERSA syllabus which is based around a series of
grammatical structures, which are sequenced according to assumed level of complexity.
cognitive deficit - ANSWERSThe limitations on processing information in a second
language compared to in L1.
Tautology - ANSWERSWhen two synonyms are placed consecutively or very close
together for effect. eg. the reason why
Metalanguage - ANSWERSThe language used to describe, analyse or explain another
language including, for example, grammatical terms and rules of syntax.
Realia - ANSWERSReal objects used as teaching aids to make learning more natural.
Includes items such as tickets, pictures, clothes, etc.
Parsing - ANSWERSthe process of analyzing a text to determine its grammatical
structure with respect to a given formal grammar. Also known as syntactic analysis.
Pragmatic competence - ANSWERSThe ability to use language in a contextually
appropriate fashion.
Apodosis - ANSWERSThe main clause in a conditional sentence.
Phatic speech - ANSWERSWords or phrases that have a social function and are not
meant literally. For example, "You're welcome" after hearing thank you doesn't literally
mean the hearer is welcome.
Ephenthesis - ANSWERSThe process of adding vowels to make possible syllables out
of impossible consonant sequences, for example /helep/ for help.
Idiolect - ANSWERSA variety of a language unique to an individual. It is manifested by
patterns of vocabulary or idiom selection (the individual's lexicon), grammar, or
pronunciations that are unique to the individual.
Lexicon - ANSWERSThe vocabulary of a language.
Polyseme - ANSWERSA word or phrase with different, but related senses. eg. a
person's foot, and the foot of the stairs (both relate to the base of something).
Code mixing - ANSWERSSwitching between two or more language within sentences
and phrases - often used to show belonging and solidarity within bilingual or multilingual
communities.
