NUR 2115 EXAM 2 LATEST UPDATE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
A reduction (or absence) of kidney function - VERIFIED ANSWER-Renal failure
Functions of the Kidney:
Acronym for "A WET BED" - VERIFIED ANSWER-Acid base balance
Water removal
Erythropoesis
Toxin Removal
Blood pressure control
Electrolyte balance
Vitamin D activation
Type of Renal Failure:
Kidney damage or a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) lasting for 3 or more months
-GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 for 3 or more months
-May result from Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, HTN, and obesity, glomulerulonephritis and
polynephritis; polycystic, hereditary, or congenital disorders; and renal cancer
-Associated disease processes:Nephrosclerosis and Primary glomular disease
-If untreated, can result in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) - VERIFIED ANSWER-CKD
Pathophysiology of CKD:
Linked to prolonged acute ___________________
-As the nephrons are damaged, the _______________ begins to decline
-Waste products in the blood begin to build up:________________ and _________________
-Renal function declines --> Leading to _________________, _________________,
____________________, _________________ - VERIFIED ANSWER-Inflammation
GFR
,BUN and creatinine
Anemia, metabolic acidosis, imbalanced calcium and phosphorus, fluid retention
Stages of CKD:
Stage 1-2: ____________________________
Stage 3-4:____________________________
Stage 5:______________________________ - VERIFIED ANSWER-Mild to no symptoms
May develop azotemia
ESKD
Normal GFR? - VERIFIED ANSWER-125
Stage of CKD:
GFR: 90 or above
Kidney damage with normal or increased GFR - VERIFIED ANSWER-Stage 1
Stage of CKD:
GFR: 60-89
Kidney damage with mild decrease in GFR - VERIFIED ANSWER-Stage 2
Stage of CKD:
GFR: 30-59
Moderate decrease in GFR - VERIFIED ANSWER-Stage 3
Stage of CKD:
GFR: 15-29
Severe decrease in GFR - VERIFIED ANSWER-Stage 4
Stage of CKD:
,GFR: Less than 15 or dialysis/ kidney transplant
ESKD or chronic renal failure - VERIFIED ANSWER-Stage 5
Associated Disease Process of CKD:
Diseases that destroy the glomerulus of the kidney
Antigen antibody complexes formed in the blood become trapped in glomerular capillaries, leading to
inflammation and glomerular destruction
Symptoms include: proteinuria, hematuria, decreased GFR, decreased excretion of Na+, edema, and
HTN - VERIFIED ANSWER-Primary Glomerular Disease
Associated Disease Process of CKD:
Hardening of the renal arteries, reducing blood flow to the kidneys
Leads to necrosis of renal parenchyma, fibrosis, and glomerular destruction - VERIFIED ANSWER-
Nephrosclerosis
Primary Glomerular Disease:
Renal failure with glomerular inflammation - VERIFIED ANSWER-Acute Nephritic Syndrome
Primary Glomerular Disease:
Inflammation of glomerular capillaries (acute or chronic) - VERIFIED ANSWER-Glomerulonephritis
Associated Disease Process of CKD:
Develops suddenly (days to weeks)
Inflammation of the glomerular capillaries
Caused by previous infections or illnesses- strep throat, viral URI, chicken pox, lupus
, Symptoms include: Hematuria, edema , azotemia or proteinuria - VERIFIED ANSWER-Acute
Glomerulonephritis
Associated Disease Process of CKD:
Develops over time (over months or years)
Repeated insults to the glomeruli causes scar tissue and atrophy of the cortex
Caused by repeated episodes of nephritic syndrome, hypertensive nephrosclerosis, hyperlipidemia,
lupus, goodpasture syndrome, or diabetes
"Silent S&S": HTN, elevated BUN or creatinine, imbalanced electrolytes
Generalized symptoms: Wt. loss, nocturia, headaches, digestive disturbances
Progressive kidney damage: Anemia, poorly nourished, grayish skin color, edema, cardiomegaly,
respiratory (fluid build up) - VERIFIED ANSWER-Chronic Glomerulonephritis
Associated Disease Process of CKD:
A group of clinical manifestations due to protein wasting through damaged glomeruli
Damaged glomeruli capillaries become permeable to protein resulting in protein loss in the urine
Hypoalbuminemia develops and causes a decrease serum osmotic pressure which causes fluid shift
Caused by diseases that cause damage to the glomerulus and increase glomerular permeability to
plasma proteins
S&S: Edema, proteinuria, mood changes such as irritability, headache and fatigue - VERIFIED ANSWER-
Nephrotic Syndrome
Urine Diagnostic Studies for Renal Failure:
Examination includes: urine color, clarity, odor, pH, specific gravity, and presence of protein, glucose -
VERIFIED ANSWER-Urinalysis
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
A reduction (or absence) of kidney function - VERIFIED ANSWER-Renal failure
Functions of the Kidney:
Acronym for "A WET BED" - VERIFIED ANSWER-Acid base balance
Water removal
Erythropoesis
Toxin Removal
Blood pressure control
Electrolyte balance
Vitamin D activation
Type of Renal Failure:
Kidney damage or a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) lasting for 3 or more months
-GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 for 3 or more months
-May result from Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, HTN, and obesity, glomulerulonephritis and
polynephritis; polycystic, hereditary, or congenital disorders; and renal cancer
-Associated disease processes:Nephrosclerosis and Primary glomular disease
-If untreated, can result in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) - VERIFIED ANSWER-CKD
Pathophysiology of CKD:
Linked to prolonged acute ___________________
-As the nephrons are damaged, the _______________ begins to decline
-Waste products in the blood begin to build up:________________ and _________________
-Renal function declines --> Leading to _________________, _________________,
____________________, _________________ - VERIFIED ANSWER-Inflammation
GFR
,BUN and creatinine
Anemia, metabolic acidosis, imbalanced calcium and phosphorus, fluid retention
Stages of CKD:
Stage 1-2: ____________________________
Stage 3-4:____________________________
Stage 5:______________________________ - VERIFIED ANSWER-Mild to no symptoms
May develop azotemia
ESKD
Normal GFR? - VERIFIED ANSWER-125
Stage of CKD:
GFR: 90 or above
Kidney damage with normal or increased GFR - VERIFIED ANSWER-Stage 1
Stage of CKD:
GFR: 60-89
Kidney damage with mild decrease in GFR - VERIFIED ANSWER-Stage 2
Stage of CKD:
GFR: 30-59
Moderate decrease in GFR - VERIFIED ANSWER-Stage 3
Stage of CKD:
GFR: 15-29
Severe decrease in GFR - VERIFIED ANSWER-Stage 4
Stage of CKD:
,GFR: Less than 15 or dialysis/ kidney transplant
ESKD or chronic renal failure - VERIFIED ANSWER-Stage 5
Associated Disease Process of CKD:
Diseases that destroy the glomerulus of the kidney
Antigen antibody complexes formed in the blood become trapped in glomerular capillaries, leading to
inflammation and glomerular destruction
Symptoms include: proteinuria, hematuria, decreased GFR, decreased excretion of Na+, edema, and
HTN - VERIFIED ANSWER-Primary Glomerular Disease
Associated Disease Process of CKD:
Hardening of the renal arteries, reducing blood flow to the kidneys
Leads to necrosis of renal parenchyma, fibrosis, and glomerular destruction - VERIFIED ANSWER-
Nephrosclerosis
Primary Glomerular Disease:
Renal failure with glomerular inflammation - VERIFIED ANSWER-Acute Nephritic Syndrome
Primary Glomerular Disease:
Inflammation of glomerular capillaries (acute or chronic) - VERIFIED ANSWER-Glomerulonephritis
Associated Disease Process of CKD:
Develops suddenly (days to weeks)
Inflammation of the glomerular capillaries
Caused by previous infections or illnesses- strep throat, viral URI, chicken pox, lupus
, Symptoms include: Hematuria, edema , azotemia or proteinuria - VERIFIED ANSWER-Acute
Glomerulonephritis
Associated Disease Process of CKD:
Develops over time (over months or years)
Repeated insults to the glomeruli causes scar tissue and atrophy of the cortex
Caused by repeated episodes of nephritic syndrome, hypertensive nephrosclerosis, hyperlipidemia,
lupus, goodpasture syndrome, or diabetes
"Silent S&S": HTN, elevated BUN or creatinine, imbalanced electrolytes
Generalized symptoms: Wt. loss, nocturia, headaches, digestive disturbances
Progressive kidney damage: Anemia, poorly nourished, grayish skin color, edema, cardiomegaly,
respiratory (fluid build up) - VERIFIED ANSWER-Chronic Glomerulonephritis
Associated Disease Process of CKD:
A group of clinical manifestations due to protein wasting through damaged glomeruli
Damaged glomeruli capillaries become permeable to protein resulting in protein loss in the urine
Hypoalbuminemia develops and causes a decrease serum osmotic pressure which causes fluid shift
Caused by diseases that cause damage to the glomerulus and increase glomerular permeability to
plasma proteins
S&S: Edema, proteinuria, mood changes such as irritability, headache and fatigue - VERIFIED ANSWER-
Nephrotic Syndrome
Urine Diagnostic Studies for Renal Failure:
Examination includes: urine color, clarity, odor, pH, specific gravity, and presence of protein, glucose -
VERIFIED ANSWER-Urinalysis
