MADM 701 Test 2
Individual differences - Answers -are the ways in which people are similar and dissimilar
in personal characteristics; the mis of this in organizations creates workforce diversity.
Are fast becoming valued for the strengths that diversity can bring to a workforce
Surface-level diversity - Answers -involves individual differences in visible attributes
such as race, sex, age, and physical abilities
Deep-level diversity - Answers -involves individual differences in attributes such as
personality and values
Self-concept - Answers -is the view individuals have of themselves as physical, social,
spiritual, or moral beings. It is a way of recognizing oneself as a distinct human being
Self-awareness - Answers -means being aware of one's own behaviors, preferences,
styles, biases, personalities, and so on.
Awareness of others - Answers -is being aware of the behaviors, preferences, styles,
biases, and personalities of others. Means being aware of these same things in others
Self-esteem - Answers -is a belief about one's own worth based on an overall self-
evaluation
Self-efficacy - Answers -is an individual's belief about the likelihood of successfully
completing a specific task; sometimes called the effectance motive, which is a more
specific version of self-esteem
Social emotions - Answers -derive from external sources
Internal emotions - Answers -examples are shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride
External emotions - Answers -Social emotions such as pity, envy, and jealousy derive
this
Moods - Answers -are generalized positive and negative feelings or states of mind; are
les intense than emotions and often seem to lack a clear source. Moods tend to be
more long lasting than emotions
Emotion and mood contagion - Answers -the spillover of ones emotions and mood onto
others
,Emotional labor - Answers -is situation in which a person displays organizationally
desired emotions in a job
Prejudice - Answers -is the display of negative, irrational, and superior opinions and
attitudes toward persons who are different from ourselves
Nature/Nurture Controversy
-Heredity
-Environment - Answers -Are we the way we are because of _____ - genetic
endowment, or because of ____ - the cultural places and situations in which we have
been raised and live
Discrimination - Answers -Actively denies minority members full benefits of organization
membership; minority members are unfairly treated
Value Diversity - Answers -Organizations are embracing policies and practices to ____
in their workforces as a way to increase competitiveness, build talent, expand
organizational capabilities, and enhance access to diverse customers
Glass ceiling effect - Answers -is an invisible barrier or "ceiling" limiting career
advancement of women and minorities from rising above a certain level of
organizational responsibility
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 - Answers -protects individuals against
employment discrimination on the basis of race and color, as well as national origin,
sex, and religion. It also prohibits employment decisions based on stereotypes and
assumptions about abilities, traits, or the performance of individuals of certain racial
groups
Women - Answers -are bringing not just task expertise but valuable interpersonal skills
and styles to the workplace, such as listening and collaborative skills, and abilities to
multitask and synthesize alternative viewpoints effectively and quickly
Leaking pipeline - Answers -describes how women drop out of careers before reaching
the top levels of organizations. Was coined by Professor Lynda Gratton and colleagues
of the London Business School to describe this phenomenon
Leadership double bind - Answers -describes how women are seen as weak in
leadership if the conform to the feminine stereotype and also week if they go against it
Think-leader-think-male - Answers -Describe a ____ mind set in which men are largely
seen as leaders by default because of stereotypically masculine "take charge" skills
such as influencing superiors and problem solving.
, Caretaking skills - Answers -Women, by contrast are stereotyped for ____ such as
supporting and encouraging others.
Employee discrimination - Answers -based on sexual orientation or gender identity is
not yet protected by federal legislation, such legislation has been proposed to Congress
(the Employement Non-Discrimination Act), and individuals are protected from sexual
harassment bullying at work and school. Also, many states now have executive orders
protecting the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender workers
Generational mix - Answers -The ___ in organizations provides an excellent example of
how diversity can deliver benefits
Disability rights movement - Answers -has been working to bring attention and support
to the needs of disabled workers. Nearly three-quarters of severely disables persons
are reported to be unemployed, and almost 80 percent of those with disabilities say they
want to work
Americans with Disabilities Act - Answers -is a federal civil rights statue that protects the
rights of people with disabilities; in 1990 has been a significant catalyst in advancing
their efforts.
Universal design - Answers -is the practice of designing products, buildings, public
spaces, and programs to be usable by the greatest number of people
Stigma - Answers -is a phenomenon whereby an individual is rejected as a result of an
attribute that is deeply discredited by his or her society is rejected as a result of the
attribute
Social Identity Theory - Answers -is a theory developed to understand the psychological
basis of discrimination
In-group membership - Answers -A feeling of ____ exists when individuals sense they
are part of a group and experience favorable status and a sense of belonging;
individuals engage these identities and experience feelings
Out-group membership - Answers -A feeling of ___ exists when individuals sense they
are not part of a group and experience discomfort and low belongingness
Personality - Answers -is the overall combination of characteristics that capture the
unique nature of a person as that person reacts to and interacts with others. It combines
a set of physical and mental characteristics that reflect how a person looks, thinks, acts,
and feels
Personality traits - Answers -are enduring characteristics describing an individuals
behavior; a key starting point is to consider the personality dimensions known as the
"Big Five Model"
Individual differences - Answers -are the ways in which people are similar and dissimilar
in personal characteristics; the mis of this in organizations creates workforce diversity.
Are fast becoming valued for the strengths that diversity can bring to a workforce
Surface-level diversity - Answers -involves individual differences in visible attributes
such as race, sex, age, and physical abilities
Deep-level diversity - Answers -involves individual differences in attributes such as
personality and values
Self-concept - Answers -is the view individuals have of themselves as physical, social,
spiritual, or moral beings. It is a way of recognizing oneself as a distinct human being
Self-awareness - Answers -means being aware of one's own behaviors, preferences,
styles, biases, personalities, and so on.
Awareness of others - Answers -is being aware of the behaviors, preferences, styles,
biases, and personalities of others. Means being aware of these same things in others
Self-esteem - Answers -is a belief about one's own worth based on an overall self-
evaluation
Self-efficacy - Answers -is an individual's belief about the likelihood of successfully
completing a specific task; sometimes called the effectance motive, which is a more
specific version of self-esteem
Social emotions - Answers -derive from external sources
Internal emotions - Answers -examples are shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride
External emotions - Answers -Social emotions such as pity, envy, and jealousy derive
this
Moods - Answers -are generalized positive and negative feelings or states of mind; are
les intense than emotions and often seem to lack a clear source. Moods tend to be
more long lasting than emotions
Emotion and mood contagion - Answers -the spillover of ones emotions and mood onto
others
,Emotional labor - Answers -is situation in which a person displays organizationally
desired emotions in a job
Prejudice - Answers -is the display of negative, irrational, and superior opinions and
attitudes toward persons who are different from ourselves
Nature/Nurture Controversy
-Heredity
-Environment - Answers -Are we the way we are because of _____ - genetic
endowment, or because of ____ - the cultural places and situations in which we have
been raised and live
Discrimination - Answers -Actively denies minority members full benefits of organization
membership; minority members are unfairly treated
Value Diversity - Answers -Organizations are embracing policies and practices to ____
in their workforces as a way to increase competitiveness, build talent, expand
organizational capabilities, and enhance access to diverse customers
Glass ceiling effect - Answers -is an invisible barrier or "ceiling" limiting career
advancement of women and minorities from rising above a certain level of
organizational responsibility
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 - Answers -protects individuals against
employment discrimination on the basis of race and color, as well as national origin,
sex, and religion. It also prohibits employment decisions based on stereotypes and
assumptions about abilities, traits, or the performance of individuals of certain racial
groups
Women - Answers -are bringing not just task expertise but valuable interpersonal skills
and styles to the workplace, such as listening and collaborative skills, and abilities to
multitask and synthesize alternative viewpoints effectively and quickly
Leaking pipeline - Answers -describes how women drop out of careers before reaching
the top levels of organizations. Was coined by Professor Lynda Gratton and colleagues
of the London Business School to describe this phenomenon
Leadership double bind - Answers -describes how women are seen as weak in
leadership if the conform to the feminine stereotype and also week if they go against it
Think-leader-think-male - Answers -Describe a ____ mind set in which men are largely
seen as leaders by default because of stereotypically masculine "take charge" skills
such as influencing superiors and problem solving.
, Caretaking skills - Answers -Women, by contrast are stereotyped for ____ such as
supporting and encouraging others.
Employee discrimination - Answers -based on sexual orientation or gender identity is
not yet protected by federal legislation, such legislation has been proposed to Congress
(the Employement Non-Discrimination Act), and individuals are protected from sexual
harassment bullying at work and school. Also, many states now have executive orders
protecting the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender workers
Generational mix - Answers -The ___ in organizations provides an excellent example of
how diversity can deliver benefits
Disability rights movement - Answers -has been working to bring attention and support
to the needs of disabled workers. Nearly three-quarters of severely disables persons
are reported to be unemployed, and almost 80 percent of those with disabilities say they
want to work
Americans with Disabilities Act - Answers -is a federal civil rights statue that protects the
rights of people with disabilities; in 1990 has been a significant catalyst in advancing
their efforts.
Universal design - Answers -is the practice of designing products, buildings, public
spaces, and programs to be usable by the greatest number of people
Stigma - Answers -is a phenomenon whereby an individual is rejected as a result of an
attribute that is deeply discredited by his or her society is rejected as a result of the
attribute
Social Identity Theory - Answers -is a theory developed to understand the psychological
basis of discrimination
In-group membership - Answers -A feeling of ____ exists when individuals sense they
are part of a group and experience favorable status and a sense of belonging;
individuals engage these identities and experience feelings
Out-group membership - Answers -A feeling of ___ exists when individuals sense they
are not part of a group and experience discomfort and low belongingness
Personality - Answers -is the overall combination of characteristics that capture the
unique nature of a person as that person reacts to and interacts with others. It combines
a set of physical and mental characteristics that reflect how a person looks, thinks, acts,
and feels
Personality traits - Answers -are enduring characteristics describing an individuals
behavior; a key starting point is to consider the personality dimensions known as the
"Big Five Model"
