Straighterline Introduction to Nutrition Final Exam with Complete Solutions

Straighterline Introduction to Nutrition Final Exam with Complete Solutions Dietary Fiber plant material that cannot be digested in the stomach or small intestine Plant Fats yields more than 4 calories per gram Nutrition the science that links food to health and disease appetite the psychological desire for food Subconscious (or unconscious) a warning sign or symptom of alcohol poisoning Cost the reason (after taste) why people choose food hunger the internal (physiological) drive to find and eat food satiety no longer a desire to eat feeding center and satiety center act in opposing ways to ensure adequate nutrients are ingested nutrients Substances in food that your body needs to grow, to repair itself, and to supply you with energy Carbohydrates the starches and sugars present in foods (contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms) Lipid macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes Protein An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells Macronutrients a nutrient needed in gram amounts Micronutrients needed in smaller amounts (vitamins and minerals) lipids main form of energy storage for the body Epidemiology study of how disease varies among populations facillitated diffusion when a nutrient moves, with the help of a carrier, from an area of high solute concentration to be absorbed into a cell that is lower in concentration active absorption a process in the small intestine that requires a carrier and energy to transport nutrients into absorption cells passive diffusion free movement of a cell from an area of high concentration to an absorption cell where the concentration is lower Epiglottis A flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea. diverticular is Not a sphincter lymphatic system carries fat and fat-soluable vitamins; take up excess fluid and returns it to the bloodstream epithelial tissue A body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out connective tissue A protein tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts. Also forms part of the bone and nonmuscular structures of the arteries and veins cardiovascular system Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, white blood cells, wastes, ect; also delivers hormones to their target cells, and maintains body temperature kidneys (along with the lungs) maintain the acid base (pH) level of the blood insulin found in the pancreas, this hormone targets the adipose, muscle and liver cells to decrease blood glucose and to store and care for fat and amino acids Glucagon A protein hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin. Phangocytosis The engulfment of bacteria and other foreign particles by white blood cells or phagocytes. duodenum first part of the small intestine (10 in); the site of most chemical digestion of nutrients jejunum second part of the small intestine