Jarvis Chapter 21: Peripheral Vascular and
Lymphatic System- Questions & Answers
Describe the structure and function of arteries and veins. Correct Ans-The heart pumps
freshly oxygenated blood through the arteries to all body tissues. Artery walls are strong, tough,
and tense to withstand pressure demands; contain elastic fibres, which allow their walls to
stretch with systole and recoil with diastole.
Veins are parallel that of arteries, but the body has more veins, and lie closer to the skin. Most
veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart; exceptions are the
pulmonary and umbilical veins, both of which carry oxygenated blood to the heart. Arteries are
more muscular than veins; veins are often closer to the skin and contain valves to help keep
blood flowing toward the heart, while arteries carry blood away from the heart.
List the pulse sites accessible to examination. Correct Ans-Temporal artery, carotid artery,
brachial artery, femoral artery, popliteal artery, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial
Describe three mechanisms that help return venous blood to the heart Correct Ans-1. The
contracting skeletal muscles that milk the blood proximally, back toward the heart
2. The pressure gradient caused by breathing, in which inspiration makes the thoracic pressure
decrease and the abdominal pressure increase
3. The intraluminal valves, which ensure unidirectional flow
Define the term capacitance vessels and explain its significance. Correct Ans-Veins have a
larger diameter and are more distensible; they can expand and hold more blood when blood
, volume increases. This is a compensatory mechanism to reduce stress on the heart; this ability
to stretch, veins are called capacitance vessels.
List the risk factors for venous stasis. Correct Ans-Elderly, diabetes, obesity, peripheral
vascular disease, pregnancy, smoking, varicose veins, inactivity
Describe the function of the lymphatic system. Correct Ans-Retrieves excess fluid from the
tissue spaces and returns it to the bloodstream. During circulation of the blood, somewhat
more fluid leaves the capillaries than the veins can absorb. Without lymphatic drainage, fluid
would build up in the interstitial spaces and produce edema.
Describe the function of the lymph nodes. Correct Ans-Nodes filter the fluid before it is
returned to the bloodstream and filter out the micro-organisms that could be harmful to the
body.
Name the related organs in the lymphatic system. Correct Ans-- Spleen; (1) to destroy old
red blood cells (2) to produce antibodies (3) to store red blood cells (4) to filter micro-organisms
from the blood
- Tonsils; respond to local inflammation
- Thymus; important in developing the T lymphocytes if the immune in children
List the symptom areas to address during history-taking relating to the peripheral vascular
system. Correct Ans-- Leg pain or cramps
- Skin changes on arms or legs
Lymphatic System- Questions & Answers
Describe the structure and function of arteries and veins. Correct Ans-The heart pumps
freshly oxygenated blood through the arteries to all body tissues. Artery walls are strong, tough,
and tense to withstand pressure demands; contain elastic fibres, which allow their walls to
stretch with systole and recoil with diastole.
Veins are parallel that of arteries, but the body has more veins, and lie closer to the skin. Most
veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart; exceptions are the
pulmonary and umbilical veins, both of which carry oxygenated blood to the heart. Arteries are
more muscular than veins; veins are often closer to the skin and contain valves to help keep
blood flowing toward the heart, while arteries carry blood away from the heart.
List the pulse sites accessible to examination. Correct Ans-Temporal artery, carotid artery,
brachial artery, femoral artery, popliteal artery, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial
Describe three mechanisms that help return venous blood to the heart Correct Ans-1. The
contracting skeletal muscles that milk the blood proximally, back toward the heart
2. The pressure gradient caused by breathing, in which inspiration makes the thoracic pressure
decrease and the abdominal pressure increase
3. The intraluminal valves, which ensure unidirectional flow
Define the term capacitance vessels and explain its significance. Correct Ans-Veins have a
larger diameter and are more distensible; they can expand and hold more blood when blood
, volume increases. This is a compensatory mechanism to reduce stress on the heart; this ability
to stretch, veins are called capacitance vessels.
List the risk factors for venous stasis. Correct Ans-Elderly, diabetes, obesity, peripheral
vascular disease, pregnancy, smoking, varicose veins, inactivity
Describe the function of the lymphatic system. Correct Ans-Retrieves excess fluid from the
tissue spaces and returns it to the bloodstream. During circulation of the blood, somewhat
more fluid leaves the capillaries than the veins can absorb. Without lymphatic drainage, fluid
would build up in the interstitial spaces and produce edema.
Describe the function of the lymph nodes. Correct Ans-Nodes filter the fluid before it is
returned to the bloodstream and filter out the micro-organisms that could be harmful to the
body.
Name the related organs in the lymphatic system. Correct Ans-- Spleen; (1) to destroy old
red blood cells (2) to produce antibodies (3) to store red blood cells (4) to filter micro-organisms
from the blood
- Tonsils; respond to local inflammation
- Thymus; important in developing the T lymphocytes if the immune in children
List the symptom areas to address during history-taking relating to the peripheral vascular
system. Correct Ans-- Leg pain or cramps
- Skin changes on arms or legs
