Top Mark Questions and Correct Verified Answers
Chronic Health Exam 4 Questions and
Correct Verified Answers
what is the first line of defense in immunity?
✓ barriers/epithelium
what is the second line of defense in immunity?
✓ inflammation
what is the third line of defense in immunity?
✓ adaptive immunity
what is another term for a helper T cell?
✓ CD4 cell
AIDS dx = ___________ or ____________
✓ CD4 < 200 cells/mm3 OR AIDS-defining opportunistic infection
HIV was introduced to humans through what?
✓ primates
the AIDS epidemic occurred when in the US?
Top Mark !!!
, Top Mark Questions and Correct Verified Answers
✓ likely began in the 1970's
HIV is a retrovirus. What does this mean?
✓ Reverse transcription from RNA-DNA. This is backwards from regular viruses.
✓
✓ HIV is a retrovirus: RNA->DNA->RNA
Generally, how does HIV work in the body? what cells does it affect? what issues does it
cause in the body? is it curable?
✓ HIV destroys blood cells called CD4+ T cells, which are crucial to helping the
body fight disease.
✓
✓ This results in a weakened immune system, making persons with HIV or AIDS at
risk for many different types of infections.
✓
✓ HIV infection is not curable presently, but can be controlled with treatment
list the 4 methods of transition of HIV
✓ Sexual transmission, Injection drug use, Blood contact, and Mother-to-child
differentiate btwn highest and lowest risk of HIV transition
Top Mark !!!
, Top Mark Questions and Correct Verified Answers
✓ Highest risk of transmission: Blood transfusion (rare), pregnancy (rare due to
testing), anal sex (receptive > insertive)
✓
✓ Low/No Risk: Kissing, sharing food, transmission from virally suppressed
(undetectable) PLWH
✓
✓ Concurrent Sexual infections can increase transmission risk (pt w HIV that also
has open wound from syphilis/chlamidyia/etc this can incr r/o transmitting virus)
between 2014-2018 highest rates are seen in which groups?
✓ African American MSM and Latinx
define acute HIV infection
✓ Defined as the interval between the appearance of HIV RNA in the plasma and
the detection of HIV-specific antibodies. Approximately between 2-4 weeks post
infection.
what is the seroconversion window period?
✓ interval between infection and initial detection of HIV antibodies (up until
approximately 3-4 weeks)
describe acute retroviral syndrome
Top Mark !!!
, Top Mark Questions and Correct Verified Answers
✓ refers to the clinical syndrome associated with acute HIV infection (present in
40-90% of newly infected individuals)
✓
✓ May mimic a mononucleosis -like syndrome commonly characterized by:
constitutional symptoms such as fever and fatigue; Pharyngitis; Rash; Myalgias
and arthralgias; Night sweats
✓
✓ Symptoms of acute HIV infection are usually self -limited
what are the 2 MAIN categories of HIV tests?
✓ tests that detect the virus and tests that detect the antibody
what does the HIV antigen/antibody test look for and describe its seroconversion times
✓ An antigen/antibody test looks for both HIV antibodies and antigens.
✓
✓ Fourth-generation assays - detect anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-2 IgM and IgG
antibodies immunometric antigen sandwich format, as well as HIV-1 surface
antigen p24 via monoclonal antibody binding. For 95% of people antibody can
be detected by 28 days. 4th generation tests can detect surface antigen p24 in
most cases in as little as 9-11 days post exposure.
if a recent HIV infection is suspected, which HIV test should be performed?
Top Mark !!!
Chronic Health Exam 4 Questions and
Correct Verified Answers
what is the first line of defense in immunity?
✓ barriers/epithelium
what is the second line of defense in immunity?
✓ inflammation
what is the third line of defense in immunity?
✓ adaptive immunity
what is another term for a helper T cell?
✓ CD4 cell
AIDS dx = ___________ or ____________
✓ CD4 < 200 cells/mm3 OR AIDS-defining opportunistic infection
HIV was introduced to humans through what?
✓ primates
the AIDS epidemic occurred when in the US?
Top Mark !!!
, Top Mark Questions and Correct Verified Answers
✓ likely began in the 1970's
HIV is a retrovirus. What does this mean?
✓ Reverse transcription from RNA-DNA. This is backwards from regular viruses.
✓
✓ HIV is a retrovirus: RNA->DNA->RNA
Generally, how does HIV work in the body? what cells does it affect? what issues does it
cause in the body? is it curable?
✓ HIV destroys blood cells called CD4+ T cells, which are crucial to helping the
body fight disease.
✓
✓ This results in a weakened immune system, making persons with HIV or AIDS at
risk for many different types of infections.
✓
✓ HIV infection is not curable presently, but can be controlled with treatment
list the 4 methods of transition of HIV
✓ Sexual transmission, Injection drug use, Blood contact, and Mother-to-child
differentiate btwn highest and lowest risk of HIV transition
Top Mark !!!
, Top Mark Questions and Correct Verified Answers
✓ Highest risk of transmission: Blood transfusion (rare), pregnancy (rare due to
testing), anal sex (receptive > insertive)
✓
✓ Low/No Risk: Kissing, sharing food, transmission from virally suppressed
(undetectable) PLWH
✓
✓ Concurrent Sexual infections can increase transmission risk (pt w HIV that also
has open wound from syphilis/chlamidyia/etc this can incr r/o transmitting virus)
between 2014-2018 highest rates are seen in which groups?
✓ African American MSM and Latinx
define acute HIV infection
✓ Defined as the interval between the appearance of HIV RNA in the plasma and
the detection of HIV-specific antibodies. Approximately between 2-4 weeks post
infection.
what is the seroconversion window period?
✓ interval between infection and initial detection of HIV antibodies (up until
approximately 3-4 weeks)
describe acute retroviral syndrome
Top Mark !!!
, Top Mark Questions and Correct Verified Answers
✓ refers to the clinical syndrome associated with acute HIV infection (present in
40-90% of newly infected individuals)
✓
✓ May mimic a mononucleosis -like syndrome commonly characterized by:
constitutional symptoms such as fever and fatigue; Pharyngitis; Rash; Myalgias
and arthralgias; Night sweats
✓
✓ Symptoms of acute HIV infection are usually self -limited
what are the 2 MAIN categories of HIV tests?
✓ tests that detect the virus and tests that detect the antibody
what does the HIV antigen/antibody test look for and describe its seroconversion times
✓ An antigen/antibody test looks for both HIV antibodies and antigens.
✓
✓ Fourth-generation assays - detect anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-2 IgM and IgG
antibodies immunometric antigen sandwich format, as well as HIV-1 surface
antigen p24 via monoclonal antibody binding. For 95% of people antibody can
be detected by 28 days. 4th generation tests can detect surface antigen p24 in
most cases in as little as 9-11 days post exposure.
if a recent HIV infection is suspected, which HIV test should be performed?
Top Mark !!!
