BIOL 1020 EOS EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
LATEST UPDATE
What are characteristics of triglycerides?
store energy
synthesised in the endoplasmic reticulum
neutral, non-polar lipids
accumulate in hydrophionic core of endoplasmic reticulum bilayer
What are characteristics of phospholipids?
charged and amphipathic
What are the major functions of the plasma membranes?
1. Encloses and protects the cell contents
- selective permeability
- large/ charged molecules cannot diffuse through membrane
2. Membrane links to structures that provide cell shape/ movement
3. Transportation directions in and out of the cell
Why cant water enter the plasma membrane?
Polar but small and not fully charged so can cross the membrane to some extent,
although its penetration of the membrane is still poor and is facilitated by
water-transporting aquaporin proteins.
,What is the cytoskeleton of a cell?
The proteins in cell membrane that attack to the cytoskeletal filaments.
What is the Extracellular Matrix of a cell?
A network of filaments of proteins and polysaccharides
Passive Transport
The movement of molecules across the membrane or thru a protein channel from higher
conc. to lower
Active Transport
The movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane against conc. gradient
aided by enzymes and energy
General Structure of All Sugars
One carbonyl group, and multiple hydroxyl groups
The bond that is formed between two sugar monomers is glycosidic bond and its
dehydration - H20 is lost
What are three polysaccharides?
Starch: energy store for plants
, - amylose: long linear alpha 1-4 linked polymer. can form helical structure
- amylopectin: alpha 1-4 link and alpha 1-6branches. not as branched as glycogen
Glycogen: energy store in animals
- alpha 1-4 glycosidic bond with many branched alpha 1-6linkages
Cellulose: structural material for plants and composes cell wall
- linear beta 1-4 glycosidic bond
- human have no enzymes that can break down beta 1-4 glucose
What is the general structure of proteins?
Carboxyl group + amino group
carboxyl group = acidic
amino group = basic
What is a peptide bond?
Amide bond that formed between carboxyl group (carboxylic acid) and amine group
What is the structure of globular proteins?
fold to have hydrophobic core that stabilises the structure
disulfide bonds between cysteine residues can stabilise the protein/ bind protein chains
What are the four levels of protein structure?
Primary: linear chain of amino acids
LATEST UPDATE
What are characteristics of triglycerides?
store energy
synthesised in the endoplasmic reticulum
neutral, non-polar lipids
accumulate in hydrophionic core of endoplasmic reticulum bilayer
What are characteristics of phospholipids?
charged and amphipathic
What are the major functions of the plasma membranes?
1. Encloses and protects the cell contents
- selective permeability
- large/ charged molecules cannot diffuse through membrane
2. Membrane links to structures that provide cell shape/ movement
3. Transportation directions in and out of the cell
Why cant water enter the plasma membrane?
Polar but small and not fully charged so can cross the membrane to some extent,
although its penetration of the membrane is still poor and is facilitated by
water-transporting aquaporin proteins.
,What is the cytoskeleton of a cell?
The proteins in cell membrane that attack to the cytoskeletal filaments.
What is the Extracellular Matrix of a cell?
A network of filaments of proteins and polysaccharides
Passive Transport
The movement of molecules across the membrane or thru a protein channel from higher
conc. to lower
Active Transport
The movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane against conc. gradient
aided by enzymes and energy
General Structure of All Sugars
One carbonyl group, and multiple hydroxyl groups
The bond that is formed between two sugar monomers is glycosidic bond and its
dehydration - H20 is lost
What are three polysaccharides?
Starch: energy store for plants
, - amylose: long linear alpha 1-4 linked polymer. can form helical structure
- amylopectin: alpha 1-4 link and alpha 1-6branches. not as branched as glycogen
Glycogen: energy store in animals
- alpha 1-4 glycosidic bond with many branched alpha 1-6linkages
Cellulose: structural material for plants and composes cell wall
- linear beta 1-4 glycosidic bond
- human have no enzymes that can break down beta 1-4 glucose
What is the general structure of proteins?
Carboxyl group + amino group
carboxyl group = acidic
amino group = basic
What is a peptide bond?
Amide bond that formed between carboxyl group (carboxylic acid) and amine group
What is the structure of globular proteins?
fold to have hydrophobic core that stabilises the structure
disulfide bonds between cysteine residues can stabilise the protein/ bind protein chains
What are the four levels of protein structure?
Primary: linear chain of amino acids
