NR546 FINAL EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS. // LATEST 2024/2025 EXAM
UPDATE.
NEW!!!
How does reviewing the genetic makeup of a client help guide the PMHNP in
selecting medication for clients? - Ans --Genetic testing can assist by
providing more information on how clients may respond to certain psychotropic
medications
-provides information on how a client may break down and metabolize
medications based on the cytochrome P450 system.
Tanrıkulu and Erbaş (2020) investigated identical twins to determine the
presence of an inherited link for schizophrenia and why one twin may develop
schizophrenia when the other does not. When two people have 100% identical
DNA, why don't both persons develop the exact illnesses? Studies of identical
Danish twins found that if one twin had schizophrenia, the other twin had a 50%
lifetime risk of developing schizophrenia (Lemvigh et al., 2020). Why is there
only half the risk? - Ans -Both environmental and psychosocial stressors can
impact mental health. Although twins may have identical genes, their gene
expression may be different.
There may be an environmental exposure that turned a gene "on" that should
have been "off" for one twin to develop schizophrenia and not the other.
central sulcus - Ans -separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
frontal lobe - Ans -associated with movement, intelligence, abstract thinking
broca's area - Ans -speech production
,temporal lobe - Ans -involves object identification and auditory signals
cerebellum - Ans -coordination
wernicke's area - Ans -speech comprehension
Benzodiazepines Safety and Prescribing Guidelines - Ans -Set ground rules:
-Client uses only one pharmacy.
-BZO should be prescribed by only one provider.
-Check the state prescription monitoring program (PMP) controlled substance
database.
-No early refills.
Do not prescribe if the client is concurrently taking:
-opioids
-other benzodiazepines
-z-drugs (medications for sleep)
-muscle relaxants
-marijuana
Schedule regular follow-up:
-frequency based on client risk, older and younger clients clients with history of
substance use disorder
-Required components during follow-up:
*symptom assessment
*PMP prescription monitoring review
*urine drug screening
*care plan with informed consent
*appropriate documentation
Prescribe for short course only
,-2-4 weeks
-Longer treatment requires a clear, written plan with a rationale
occipital lobe - Ans -primary visual area
parietal lobe - Ans -keeps us alert to what is going on around us
sensory cortex - Ans -pain, heat, and other sensations
motor cortex - Ans -movement
hippocampus - Ans -involved in both memory and anxiety
nucleus accumbens - Ans -involved in the reward process
thalamus - Ans -involved in sensory organ and motor command processing
striatum - Ans -involved in complex motor actions, also links cognition to
motor actions
limbic system - Ans -includes circuits that are associated with pleasure and
reward
basal ganglia - Ans -group of structures involved in voluntary motor
movements
amygdala - Ans -involved in emotional regulation and perception of odors
corpus callosum - Ans -controls the communication between the two brain
hemispheres
, white matter - Ans -contains nerve fibers that connect neurons from
different regions into functional circuits
grey matter - Ans -contains nerve cells and dendrites
brain tissue - Ans -made up of grey matter and white matter
dorsal striatum - Ans -involved in complex motor actions and linkage of
cognition to motor actions
-main input area for basal ganglia
*activated when anticipating or engaging in pleasure
The field of epigenetics is rapidly growing and can help explain how gene
expression is: - Ans -influenced by environmental factors and how
epigenetics contributes to the manifestation of mental illness
How does epigenetics impact a person's mental health? - Ans -internal or
external factors activate portions of the genome that result in the manifestation
of mental health symptoms
-activation is often a result of a stressful event, which, when combined with the
genetic risk, results in the disease
-genes being on or off
-occurrence of symptoms may be the result of inheritance of an abnormal gene
or of normal genes being "on" when they should be "off."
Types of epigenetic changes: - Ans -DNA Methylation
Histone modification
Non-coding RNA
The potential legal and ethical issues impacting mental health treatment must
also be taken into account, including: - Ans --informed consent
-competence to make healthcare decisions
-off-label prescribing
VERIFIED ANSWERS. // LATEST 2024/2025 EXAM
UPDATE.
NEW!!!
How does reviewing the genetic makeup of a client help guide the PMHNP in
selecting medication for clients? - Ans --Genetic testing can assist by
providing more information on how clients may respond to certain psychotropic
medications
-provides information on how a client may break down and metabolize
medications based on the cytochrome P450 system.
Tanrıkulu and Erbaş (2020) investigated identical twins to determine the
presence of an inherited link for schizophrenia and why one twin may develop
schizophrenia when the other does not. When two people have 100% identical
DNA, why don't both persons develop the exact illnesses? Studies of identical
Danish twins found that if one twin had schizophrenia, the other twin had a 50%
lifetime risk of developing schizophrenia (Lemvigh et al., 2020). Why is there
only half the risk? - Ans -Both environmental and psychosocial stressors can
impact mental health. Although twins may have identical genes, their gene
expression may be different.
There may be an environmental exposure that turned a gene "on" that should
have been "off" for one twin to develop schizophrenia and not the other.
central sulcus - Ans -separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
frontal lobe - Ans -associated with movement, intelligence, abstract thinking
broca's area - Ans -speech production
,temporal lobe - Ans -involves object identification and auditory signals
cerebellum - Ans -coordination
wernicke's area - Ans -speech comprehension
Benzodiazepines Safety and Prescribing Guidelines - Ans -Set ground rules:
-Client uses only one pharmacy.
-BZO should be prescribed by only one provider.
-Check the state prescription monitoring program (PMP) controlled substance
database.
-No early refills.
Do not prescribe if the client is concurrently taking:
-opioids
-other benzodiazepines
-z-drugs (medications for sleep)
-muscle relaxants
-marijuana
Schedule regular follow-up:
-frequency based on client risk, older and younger clients clients with history of
substance use disorder
-Required components during follow-up:
*symptom assessment
*PMP prescription monitoring review
*urine drug screening
*care plan with informed consent
*appropriate documentation
Prescribe for short course only
,-2-4 weeks
-Longer treatment requires a clear, written plan with a rationale
occipital lobe - Ans -primary visual area
parietal lobe - Ans -keeps us alert to what is going on around us
sensory cortex - Ans -pain, heat, and other sensations
motor cortex - Ans -movement
hippocampus - Ans -involved in both memory and anxiety
nucleus accumbens - Ans -involved in the reward process
thalamus - Ans -involved in sensory organ and motor command processing
striatum - Ans -involved in complex motor actions, also links cognition to
motor actions
limbic system - Ans -includes circuits that are associated with pleasure and
reward
basal ganglia - Ans -group of structures involved in voluntary motor
movements
amygdala - Ans -involved in emotional regulation and perception of odors
corpus callosum - Ans -controls the communication between the two brain
hemispheres
, white matter - Ans -contains nerve fibers that connect neurons from
different regions into functional circuits
grey matter - Ans -contains nerve cells and dendrites
brain tissue - Ans -made up of grey matter and white matter
dorsal striatum - Ans -involved in complex motor actions and linkage of
cognition to motor actions
-main input area for basal ganglia
*activated when anticipating or engaging in pleasure
The field of epigenetics is rapidly growing and can help explain how gene
expression is: - Ans -influenced by environmental factors and how
epigenetics contributes to the manifestation of mental illness
How does epigenetics impact a person's mental health? - Ans -internal or
external factors activate portions of the genome that result in the manifestation
of mental health symptoms
-activation is often a result of a stressful event, which, when combined with the
genetic risk, results in the disease
-genes being on or off
-occurrence of symptoms may be the result of inheritance of an abnormal gene
or of normal genes being "on" when they should be "off."
Types of epigenetic changes: - Ans -DNA Methylation
Histone modification
Non-coding RNA
The potential legal and ethical issues impacting mental health treatment must
also be taken into account, including: - Ans --informed consent
-competence to make healthcare decisions
-off-label prescribing
