AMH 2020 Midterm
Radical Republicans - correct answer ✔✔Congressional Republicans who insisted on black suffrage and
federal protection of civil rights of African Americans
Thirteenth Amendment - correct answer ✔✔AKA Reconstruction Amendment; ends slavery and
involuntary servitude but doesn't grant citizenship to slaves; just says that slaves are not property
Fourteenth Amendment - correct answer ✔✔Gives citizenship to African Americans and provides due
process and equal protection; specifies men, not women; ratified in 1868
Fifteenth Amendment - correct answer ✔✔Can't deny the right to vote based on race, color, or prior
condition as slave; intended to guarantee right to vote for African Americans in South; ratified in 1870
Black Codes - correct answer ✔✔Punishes people for not having a job, making black people work for
white people; trying to ensure that the color line remains/maintains white supremacy; denies interracial
marriage and restricts rights of newly freed slaves
Freedmen's Bureau - correct answer ✔✔Act establishing a welfare organization designed to aid ex-slaves
in transition from slavery to freedom; gives freedmen shelter, food, medical aid, education, voting rights,
property, ensure that they're not cheated by whites, jobs, etc.; established in March 1865, dissolved in
1872
Radical Reconstruction - correct answer ✔✔Reconstruction Acts of 1877; divided south into 5 military
districts; required states to guarantee black male suffrage and to ratify 14th Amendment
Sharecropping - correct answer ✔✔Crops that black people grow will provide paying for renting land
from whites; turns into indentured servitude; crop was divided between farmer and laborer as a "share"
Force Act - correct answer ✔✔Designed to protect black voters from KKK in 1870-1871; placed state
elections under federal jurisdiction and imposed fines/punished those who interfered with citizens
exercising their right to vote
, Compromise of 1877 - correct answer ✔✔Democrats accepted the election of Hayes in exchange for
withdrawal of federal troops in the South and the end of Reconstruction
Jim Crow Laws - correct answer ✔✔Discriminates against blacks with voting, legalized
disenfranchisement of black people, legalized segregation; enacted by southern states after
reconstruction
Ghost Dances - correct answer ✔✔Religious movement that came in the late 19th century under
Wavoka; believed that dance would cause the white men to disappear and protect them from bullets;
led to Wounded Knee Massacre
Wounded Knee Massacre - correct answer ✔✔December 1890; occurred because tried to stop Ghost
Dances; took Chief Big Foot and followers to camp on Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota; 200 Native
Americans were killed
Dawes Act of 1877 - correct answer ✔✔Aimed to change the way Native Americans relate to their land,
Indians get their own land; turns Indians into private property owners; land given to Indians is infertile,
breaking up the Indian culture and dissolving the size of reservations and reducing the size of Indian land
holdings
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 - correct answer ✔✔Banned Chinese immigration to the US and American
citizenship to Chinese nationals for 10 years
Trust - correct answer ✔✔Device to make business managements more centralized and efficient;
allowed stock holders to trade their stock certificates for trust certificates where dividends were paid;
Rockefeller designed the first major trust
Knights of Labor - correct answer ✔✔Originally "Holy and Noble Order of the Knights of Labor"; Starts
out as small organization in Philadelphia - grows into organization of 500,000 laborers by 1880s; led by
Terrance Powderly; utopia - dreams of better world for everyone; founded in 1869
American Federation of Labor (AFL) - correct answer ✔✔Founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886; group of
skilled workers in specific jobs; avoided politics; did not allow blacks and women to join; more
conservative than Knights of Labor
Radical Republicans - correct answer ✔✔Congressional Republicans who insisted on black suffrage and
federal protection of civil rights of African Americans
Thirteenth Amendment - correct answer ✔✔AKA Reconstruction Amendment; ends slavery and
involuntary servitude but doesn't grant citizenship to slaves; just says that slaves are not property
Fourteenth Amendment - correct answer ✔✔Gives citizenship to African Americans and provides due
process and equal protection; specifies men, not women; ratified in 1868
Fifteenth Amendment - correct answer ✔✔Can't deny the right to vote based on race, color, or prior
condition as slave; intended to guarantee right to vote for African Americans in South; ratified in 1870
Black Codes - correct answer ✔✔Punishes people for not having a job, making black people work for
white people; trying to ensure that the color line remains/maintains white supremacy; denies interracial
marriage and restricts rights of newly freed slaves
Freedmen's Bureau - correct answer ✔✔Act establishing a welfare organization designed to aid ex-slaves
in transition from slavery to freedom; gives freedmen shelter, food, medical aid, education, voting rights,
property, ensure that they're not cheated by whites, jobs, etc.; established in March 1865, dissolved in
1872
Radical Reconstruction - correct answer ✔✔Reconstruction Acts of 1877; divided south into 5 military
districts; required states to guarantee black male suffrage and to ratify 14th Amendment
Sharecropping - correct answer ✔✔Crops that black people grow will provide paying for renting land
from whites; turns into indentured servitude; crop was divided between farmer and laborer as a "share"
Force Act - correct answer ✔✔Designed to protect black voters from KKK in 1870-1871; placed state
elections under federal jurisdiction and imposed fines/punished those who interfered with citizens
exercising their right to vote
, Compromise of 1877 - correct answer ✔✔Democrats accepted the election of Hayes in exchange for
withdrawal of federal troops in the South and the end of Reconstruction
Jim Crow Laws - correct answer ✔✔Discriminates against blacks with voting, legalized
disenfranchisement of black people, legalized segregation; enacted by southern states after
reconstruction
Ghost Dances - correct answer ✔✔Religious movement that came in the late 19th century under
Wavoka; believed that dance would cause the white men to disappear and protect them from bullets;
led to Wounded Knee Massacre
Wounded Knee Massacre - correct answer ✔✔December 1890; occurred because tried to stop Ghost
Dances; took Chief Big Foot and followers to camp on Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota; 200 Native
Americans were killed
Dawes Act of 1877 - correct answer ✔✔Aimed to change the way Native Americans relate to their land,
Indians get their own land; turns Indians into private property owners; land given to Indians is infertile,
breaking up the Indian culture and dissolving the size of reservations and reducing the size of Indian land
holdings
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 - correct answer ✔✔Banned Chinese immigration to the US and American
citizenship to Chinese nationals for 10 years
Trust - correct answer ✔✔Device to make business managements more centralized and efficient;
allowed stock holders to trade their stock certificates for trust certificates where dividends were paid;
Rockefeller designed the first major trust
Knights of Labor - correct answer ✔✔Originally "Holy and Noble Order of the Knights of Labor"; Starts
out as small organization in Philadelphia - grows into organization of 500,000 laborers by 1880s; led by
Terrance Powderly; utopia - dreams of better world for everyone; founded in 1869
American Federation of Labor (AFL) - correct answer ✔✔Founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886; group of
skilled workers in specific jobs; avoided politics; did not allow blacks and women to join; more
conservative than Knights of Labor
