NR- 324 Exam 2 Perfusion, Heart/PVD, PAD
Questions with Correct Answers
define ischemia Correct Answer-Lack of blood supply
- decreased perfusion
define infarction Correct Answer-is complete tissue death due to a
severe decrease in perfusion
define preload Correct Answer-Volume of blood in the ventricles at the
end of Diastole (end diastolic pressure)
- the force or load acting to stretch the ventricle at the end of diastole
- largely influenced by blood volume
preload is increased by Correct Answer-administration of fluids; IV
fluids or blood products
Preload is decreased by Correct Answer-giving diuretics and reducing
the amount of volume
define afterload Correct Answer-- AKA systemic vascular resistance
- Resistance (Pressure) left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood
Preload is increased in Correct Answer-HypERvolemia
Regurgitation of cardiac valves
,Heart failure
Afterload is increased in Correct Answer-hypertension, vasoconstriction
↑ afterload = Correct Answer-↑ Cardiac workload
Afterload is decreased by Correct Answer-administering vasodilators (↓
resistance)
Cardiac output = Correct Answer-stroke volume x heart rate
Define cardiac output Correct Answer-the amount of blood ejected by
the heart in 1 min. and is measured in liters
S/S of decreased cardiac output Correct Answer-Decreased peripheral
pulses
Exercise intolerance
Feeding difficulties
Hypotension
Irritability
Restlessness
Lethargy
Oliguria
Pale
,Cool extremities
Tachycardia
↓ capillary refill
SOB
The nurse has completed an assessment on a client with decreased
cardiac output. Which finding should receive the highest priority?
A. BP 110/62, atrial fibrillation with HR 82, bibasilar crackles.
B. Confusion, urine output 15mL over the last two hours, orthopnea.
C. SpO2 92% on 2L NC, respirations 20, 1+ edema of the lower
extremities.
D. Weight gain of 1kg in three days, BP 130/80, mild dyspnea with
exertion. Correct Answer-b
describe hypertension Correct Answer-high blood pressure
· persistent
· Current use of antihypertensive meds
· BP primarily function of CO and systemic resistance
· Silent killer because it is often asymptomatic until it becomes severe
and target organ disease occurs
· Often asymptomatic - high BP = palpitations, angina, tachypnea
· Primary hypertension (essential or idiopathic) is elevated BP without
an identified cause
, · Secondary hypertension is elevated BP with a specific cause that often
can be identified and corrected; Secondary hypertension can become
resistant, causing cardiovascular complications if left untreated.
define primary hypertension Correct Answer-elevated BP w/out an
identified cause
define secondary hypertension Correct Answer-elevated BP w/ a
specific cause that often can be identified and corrected
- can become resistant, causing cardiovascular complications if left
untreated
population at risk / causes of hypertension Correct Answer-· Age
· Alcohol: males should limit their daily intake of alcohol to 2 drinks per
day, and 1 drink per day for females
· Diabetes
· Elevated Serum lipids
· Ethnicity: 2 times higher in African Americans than in Whites
· Excess dietary sodium
· Family Hx
· Gender: more prevalent in men in young adulthood and early middle
age; After age 64, hypertension is more prevalent in women
· Obesity
· Sedentary lifestyle
· Socioeconomic lifestyle
Questions with Correct Answers
define ischemia Correct Answer-Lack of blood supply
- decreased perfusion
define infarction Correct Answer-is complete tissue death due to a
severe decrease in perfusion
define preload Correct Answer-Volume of blood in the ventricles at the
end of Diastole (end diastolic pressure)
- the force or load acting to stretch the ventricle at the end of diastole
- largely influenced by blood volume
preload is increased by Correct Answer-administration of fluids; IV
fluids or blood products
Preload is decreased by Correct Answer-giving diuretics and reducing
the amount of volume
define afterload Correct Answer-- AKA systemic vascular resistance
- Resistance (Pressure) left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood
Preload is increased in Correct Answer-HypERvolemia
Regurgitation of cardiac valves
,Heart failure
Afterload is increased in Correct Answer-hypertension, vasoconstriction
↑ afterload = Correct Answer-↑ Cardiac workload
Afterload is decreased by Correct Answer-administering vasodilators (↓
resistance)
Cardiac output = Correct Answer-stroke volume x heart rate
Define cardiac output Correct Answer-the amount of blood ejected by
the heart in 1 min. and is measured in liters
S/S of decreased cardiac output Correct Answer-Decreased peripheral
pulses
Exercise intolerance
Feeding difficulties
Hypotension
Irritability
Restlessness
Lethargy
Oliguria
Pale
,Cool extremities
Tachycardia
↓ capillary refill
SOB
The nurse has completed an assessment on a client with decreased
cardiac output. Which finding should receive the highest priority?
A. BP 110/62, atrial fibrillation with HR 82, bibasilar crackles.
B. Confusion, urine output 15mL over the last two hours, orthopnea.
C. SpO2 92% on 2L NC, respirations 20, 1+ edema of the lower
extremities.
D. Weight gain of 1kg in three days, BP 130/80, mild dyspnea with
exertion. Correct Answer-b
describe hypertension Correct Answer-high blood pressure
· persistent
· Current use of antihypertensive meds
· BP primarily function of CO and systemic resistance
· Silent killer because it is often asymptomatic until it becomes severe
and target organ disease occurs
· Often asymptomatic - high BP = palpitations, angina, tachypnea
· Primary hypertension (essential or idiopathic) is elevated BP without
an identified cause
, · Secondary hypertension is elevated BP with a specific cause that often
can be identified and corrected; Secondary hypertension can become
resistant, causing cardiovascular complications if left untreated.
define primary hypertension Correct Answer-elevated BP w/out an
identified cause
define secondary hypertension Correct Answer-elevated BP w/ a
specific cause that often can be identified and corrected
- can become resistant, causing cardiovascular complications if left
untreated
population at risk / causes of hypertension Correct Answer-· Age
· Alcohol: males should limit their daily intake of alcohol to 2 drinks per
day, and 1 drink per day for females
· Diabetes
· Elevated Serum lipids
· Ethnicity: 2 times higher in African Americans than in Whites
· Excess dietary sodium
· Family Hx
· Gender: more prevalent in men in young adulthood and early middle
age; After age 64, hypertension is more prevalent in women
· Obesity
· Sedentary lifestyle
· Socioeconomic lifestyle
