EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED,
FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024
CCJ 4700 Exam 1 Questions and
Answers |100% Pass
• 2 sources of agreement reality - Answer✔✔-Tradition and Authority
• Errors in personal inquiry and their solutions - Answer✔✔-Inaccurate observation
(sol: scientific obs), overgeneralization (sol: high value of large samples and replication -
repeating a study, checking to see whether similar results are obtained each time),
selective observation (sol: specify in advance the number and kind of observations to be
made), illogical reasoning, ideology and politics (sol: stay objective)
• 4 purposes of research - Answer✔✔-Exploration, description, explanation,
application
• 2 types of support that must present before scientists can agree on the reality of
something - Answer✔✔-Logical and Empirical
• Gambler's fallacy - Answer✔✔-- An illustration of illogic in day-to-day reasoning
- According to this fallacy, a consistent run of good or bad luck is presumed to
foreshadow its opposite.
• Type I and Type II error - Answer✔✔-Type I error - conclude a relationship exists
when in fact it doesn't
Type II error - conclude there is no relationship when in fact there is one
• Theory - definition - Answer✔✔-A set of interconnected statements or propositions
that explain how two or more events or factors are related to one another
1/9
, EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED,
FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024
• formal vs substantive theory - Answer✔✔-- Substantive theory is developed for a
specific area of social concern. If you want to study, test, or develop substantive theory,
you can examine cases within the same substantive area. For example, you could
observe several different gangs, but not attempt to say something about delinquency in
general. It could be thought of as shared theories among experts in a certain subfield.
- Formal theory is developed for a broad conceptual area in general theory. If you want
to study, test, or develop general theory, you can compare cases within the same formal
area. For example, to study crime, you could examine various forms of crime (e.g.,
property, violent, white collar, drugs) without paying too much attention to the details of
each form.
• Grounded theory - Answer✔✔-A type of inductive theory that is based on (grounded
in) field observation. The researcher makes observations in natural settings, then
formulates a tentative theory that explains those observations.
• Hypothesis - definition - Answer✔✔-An explanation about the nature of things
derived from a theory. It's a statement of something that will be observed in the real
world if the theory is correct.
• 3 conditions that must be met in order for a statement to be considered a hypothesis -
Answer✔✔-Hypotheses have three parts:
1. Expectation about reality
2. Based on a theory
2/9
FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024
CCJ 4700 Exam 1 Questions and
Answers |100% Pass
• 2 sources of agreement reality - Answer✔✔-Tradition and Authority
• Errors in personal inquiry and their solutions - Answer✔✔-Inaccurate observation
(sol: scientific obs), overgeneralization (sol: high value of large samples and replication -
repeating a study, checking to see whether similar results are obtained each time),
selective observation (sol: specify in advance the number and kind of observations to be
made), illogical reasoning, ideology and politics (sol: stay objective)
• 4 purposes of research - Answer✔✔-Exploration, description, explanation,
application
• 2 types of support that must present before scientists can agree on the reality of
something - Answer✔✔-Logical and Empirical
• Gambler's fallacy - Answer✔✔-- An illustration of illogic in day-to-day reasoning
- According to this fallacy, a consistent run of good or bad luck is presumed to
foreshadow its opposite.
• Type I and Type II error - Answer✔✔-Type I error - conclude a relationship exists
when in fact it doesn't
Type II error - conclude there is no relationship when in fact there is one
• Theory - definition - Answer✔✔-A set of interconnected statements or propositions
that explain how two or more events or factors are related to one another
1/9
, EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED,
FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024
• formal vs substantive theory - Answer✔✔-- Substantive theory is developed for a
specific area of social concern. If you want to study, test, or develop substantive theory,
you can examine cases within the same substantive area. For example, you could
observe several different gangs, but not attempt to say something about delinquency in
general. It could be thought of as shared theories among experts in a certain subfield.
- Formal theory is developed for a broad conceptual area in general theory. If you want
to study, test, or develop general theory, you can compare cases within the same formal
area. For example, to study crime, you could examine various forms of crime (e.g.,
property, violent, white collar, drugs) without paying too much attention to the details of
each form.
• Grounded theory - Answer✔✔-A type of inductive theory that is based on (grounded
in) field observation. The researcher makes observations in natural settings, then
formulates a tentative theory that explains those observations.
• Hypothesis - definition - Answer✔✔-An explanation about the nature of things
derived from a theory. It's a statement of something that will be observed in the real
world if the theory is correct.
• 3 conditions that must be met in order for a statement to be considered a hypothesis -
Answer✔✔-Hypotheses have three parts:
1. Expectation about reality
2. Based on a theory
2/9
