CDM (EXAM 2 2024) WITH QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE SOLUTION.

CDM (EXAM 2 2024) WITH QUESTIONS
AND COMPLETE SOLUTION.

highlgranulocyteslandllowllymphocytesl-lCORRECTlANSWER-BACTERIALlINFECTION
**Shiftltolthelleft**

Lymphocyteslarellowlandltheleosinophilslarelelevatedl-lCORRECTlANSWER-
SeasonallAllergies

**whenleosinophilslarelhighlthatlindicateslallergies**

MainlbacterialthatlcauseslalUTIl-lCORRECTlANSWER-E.coli

MainlmedicationltoltreatlUTIl-lCORRECTlANSWER-Cipro

DoeslCiprolworklonlEnterococcuslFaecalis?l-lCORRECTlANSWER-Nolitlislresistant!!!
Whatlwouldlyouldo?
*calllphysicianlforlnewlantibiotic.

Vancomycinlpeakl-lCORRECTlANSWER-showsluslthelhighestllevellforlthislpatient

VancomycinlTroughl-lCORRECTlANSWER-
Lowestllevelloflthelvancomycinlthatlcanlbelusedltolbeleffectivelforlthatlpatient.

Ifltheirltroughlislwithinlnormalllimitsldolyoulchangeltheldose?l-lCORRECTlANSWER-
No,lbecauselitlindicateslthatlthelmedlisleffectivelevenlatlallowllevel,lsoltherelislnolreasonltolra
iselit.

IflRBCslarellowlorlhighlwhatldolwellooklat?l-lCORRECTlANSWER-
Hemoglobinl&lHematocrit

MCVlandlMCHlarelhighlbutlthelMCHClislnormall-lCORRECTlANSWER-Macrocyticlanemia

Macrocyticlanemial-lCORRECTlANSWER-
anemialinlwhichlthelredlbloodlcellslarellargerlthanltheirlnormallvolume.

Macrocytesl-lCORRECTlANSWER-WithoutlenoughlvitaminlB-
12,lthelbodylwilllproducelabnormallyllargelredlbloodlcellslcalledlmacrocytes.lBecauseloflthei
rllargelsize,ltheselabnormallcellslmaylnotlbelableltolleavelthelbonelmarrow,lwherelredlbloodl
cellslarelmade,landlenterlthelbloodstream.lThisldecreaseslthelamountlofloxygen-
carryinglredlbloodlcellslinlthelbloodstreamlandlcanlleadltolfatiguelandlweakness.

,FoliclAcidlAnemial-lCORRECTlANSWER-NotlenoughlVitaminlB9.

l Iflyoulhavelallackloflfolate,lyourlredlbloodlcellsllookllargelandlimmature.

Causes
*MOSTlCOMMONlCAUSElISlMALNUTRITION
-Notlenoughlfoliclacidlinltheldiet
l-greenlleafy,lbeans,lwholelgrains,lcitruslfruits



-highlalcohollconsumption
l-harderlforlintestinesltolabsorblfolate



-celiacldisease

-cancer

-pregnancy

FoliclAcidlAnemialS/Sl-lCORRECTlANSWER--Mouthlsores
-Reducedlsenselofltaste
-Diarrhea
-Pinslandlneedleslfeelinglorlnumbnesslinlyourlhandslandlfeet
-Musclelweakness
-Depression
-Fatigue
-headache
-weightlloss
-palelskin
-racinglheart

FoliclAcidlAnemialPrevention/Treatmentl-lCORRECTlANSWER--
Eatinglalhealthyldietlthatlincludeslfoodslrichlinlfoliclacidl

-Yourldoctorlwilllalsollikelylprescribelyoulaldailylfoliclacidlsupplement.

FoliclAcidlAnemialComplicationsl-lCORRECTlANSWER-Spinalbifidalinlnewlborn

Perniciouslanemial-lCORRECTlANSWER--AutoimmunelDisorder
lackloflmaturelerythrocyteslcausedlbylinabilityltolabsorblvitaminlB12lintolthelbloodstream

****lPerniciouslanemialislaltypeloflmacrocyticlanemia.lIt'slsometimeslcalledlmegaloblasticla
nemialbecauseloflthelabnormallyllargelsizeloflthelredlbloodlcellslproduced***

Perniciouslanemialcausesl-lCORRECTlANSWER-
Thelmostlcommonlcauselislthellossloflstomachlcellslthatlmakelintrinsiclfactor.lIntrinsiclfactorl

, helpslthelbodylabsorblvitaminlB12linlthelintestine.lThellossloflparietallcellslmaylbeldueltoldes
tructionlbylthelbody'slownlimmunelsystem.

PerniciouslanemialS/Sl-lCORRECTlANSWER--neurologicallchangeslmildlmemorylloss
-numbness
-tinglingl
-beefylredltongue

PerniciouslanemialTreatmentl-lCORRECTlANSWER-
treatedlbylalteringlyourldietlorladdinglalB-12lsupplementlorlB-
12linjectionltolyourlhealthcarelregimen.

RisklFactorslforlPerniciouslAnemial-lCORRECTlANSWER--familylhistorylofltheldisease
-typel1ldiabetes
-certainlintestinalldiseaseslsuchlaslCrohn'sldisease
-havinglhadlpartloflyourlstomachlorlintestineslremoved
-beingl60lyearslorlolder
-beinglstrictlylvegetarianlandlnotltakinglalB-12lsupplement

Perniciouslanemialcomplicationsl-lCORRECTlANSWER-
Thelmostldangerouslcomplicationlislgastriclcancer.

-nerveldamage
-digestiveltractlproblems
-memorylproblems
l-confusion,lorlotherlneurologicallsymptoms

-heartldamage

Whatlislheartlfailure?l-lCORRECTlANSWER-
thelinabilityloflthelheartltolpumplsufficientlbloodltolmeetlthelneedslofltheltissueslforloxygenlan
dlnutrients

ManagementloflHeartlFailurel-lCORRECTlANSWER--Relievelptloflsymptoms
-Improvelfunctionallstatuslandlqualitylofllife
-Extendlsurvival

Medicallmanagementldependslofltheltype,lseverity,landlcauseloflHF--
litlcanlincludelreducinglthelworkloadloflthelheartlbylreducinglpreloadlandlafterlload;leliminati

onloflcontributinglfactorslsuchlaslHTN.

Left-sidedlHeartlFailurel-lCORRECTlANSWER-Left-
sidedlheartlfailurelislthelmostlcommonltypeloflheartlfailure.

Thelleftlheartlventriclelisllocatedlinlthelbottomlleftlsideloflyourlheart.lThislarealpumpsloxygen
-richlbloodltolthelrestloflyourlbody.