Pharmacology Ch 7-11 Exam 2
Which patient does the nurse identify as being at highest risk for the development of an
adverse drug reaction?
A.A 1-month-old patient whose mother has allergies to penicillin, aspirin, and codeine
B.A 16-year-old patient with multiple traumatic injuries who is taking morphine and an
antibiotic
C.A 54-year-old patient with multiple sclerosis who has been enrolled in a clinical trial of
a new drug
D.An 84-year-old patient with diabetes, heart failure, and hypertension who takes seven
prescription medications each day correct answers An 84-year-old patient with
diabetes, heart failure, and hypertension who takes seven prescription medications
each
Rationale: Adverse events are more common in older adults and the very young, in
patients with severe illness, and in those who are taking multiple drugs.
A patient is prescribed a medication that is potentially hepatotoxic. Before administering
the medication, it is most important for the nurse to assess what?
A.Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine
B.Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase
C.Prolonged QT interval on the electrocardiogram
D.Serum potassium, serum sodium, and serum magnesium correct answers
B.Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase
Rationale: The nurse should assess the liver function tests of patients who are taking
hepatotoxic drugs. When liver cells are injured, two liver enzymes (aspartate
aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) will be elevated.
The healthcare provider writes a medication order that the nurse cannot read. What
should the nurse do?
A.Consult with the charge nurse to verify the order.
B.Discuss the order with the pharmacist.
C.Check with the patient to determine the correct medication.
D.Contact the prescriber to clarify the order. correct answers D.Contact the prescriber
to clarify the order.
Rationale: The nurse should contact the prescriber to clarify the order.
The nurse reviews a patient's admission orders written by the healthcare provider.
Which medication order should the nurse question?
, A.Cyanocobalamin 100 mcg intramuscularly every month
B.MSO4 2.0 mg IV every 2 to 4 hours as needed for pain
C.Levothyroxine 75 mcg orally every morning
D.Enoxaparin 40 mg subQ every day for 7 days correct answers B.MSO4 2.0 mg IV
every 2 to 4 hours as needed for pain
Rationale: Miscommunication is a common cause of medication errors. To help reduce
errors, a list of abbreviations, symbols, and dose designations that should not be used
is available. "MSO4" should be written as "morphine sulfate," and a trailing zero should
not be used after a final decimal point. The medication order should be written as
"Morphine sulfate 2 mg IV every 2 to 4 hours as needed for pain."
Two Issues Related to Drug Safety are: correct answers 1) Adverse drug reactions
(ADRs)•Also known as adverse drug events (ADEs)
2)Medication errors
Adverse Drug Reactions correct answers Any noxious, unintended, and undesired
effect that occurs at normal drug doses
•Excludes excessive dosages
•Can range from annoying to life-threatening
mild adverse drug reactions correct answers drowsiness, nausea, itching, rash
Severe adverse reactions correct answers respiratory depression, neutropenia,
hepatocellular injury, anaphylaxis, hemorrhage
Side effect
-When do they develop? correct answers a nearly unavoidable secondary drug effect
produced at therapeutic doses
-May develop soon after drug is initiated or not until drug has been taken for weeks or
months
-generally predictable
Toxicity
-Examples correct answers Adverse drug reaction caused by excessive dosing, but can
also occur with normal dosing
-neutropenia(risk for infection) and anticancer meds
Allergic reaction correct answers An immunologic hypersensitivity
-can change over time
-very few drugs cause severe allergic reactions
Most common allergic reaction-causing drug correct answers Penicillins
Also induced by sulfonamides
Which patient does the nurse identify as being at highest risk for the development of an
adverse drug reaction?
A.A 1-month-old patient whose mother has allergies to penicillin, aspirin, and codeine
B.A 16-year-old patient with multiple traumatic injuries who is taking morphine and an
antibiotic
C.A 54-year-old patient with multiple sclerosis who has been enrolled in a clinical trial of
a new drug
D.An 84-year-old patient with diabetes, heart failure, and hypertension who takes seven
prescription medications each day correct answers An 84-year-old patient with
diabetes, heart failure, and hypertension who takes seven prescription medications
each
Rationale: Adverse events are more common in older adults and the very young, in
patients with severe illness, and in those who are taking multiple drugs.
A patient is prescribed a medication that is potentially hepatotoxic. Before administering
the medication, it is most important for the nurse to assess what?
A.Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine
B.Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase
C.Prolonged QT interval on the electrocardiogram
D.Serum potassium, serum sodium, and serum magnesium correct answers
B.Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase
Rationale: The nurse should assess the liver function tests of patients who are taking
hepatotoxic drugs. When liver cells are injured, two liver enzymes (aspartate
aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) will be elevated.
The healthcare provider writes a medication order that the nurse cannot read. What
should the nurse do?
A.Consult with the charge nurse to verify the order.
B.Discuss the order with the pharmacist.
C.Check with the patient to determine the correct medication.
D.Contact the prescriber to clarify the order. correct answers D.Contact the prescriber
to clarify the order.
Rationale: The nurse should contact the prescriber to clarify the order.
The nurse reviews a patient's admission orders written by the healthcare provider.
Which medication order should the nurse question?
, A.Cyanocobalamin 100 mcg intramuscularly every month
B.MSO4 2.0 mg IV every 2 to 4 hours as needed for pain
C.Levothyroxine 75 mcg orally every morning
D.Enoxaparin 40 mg subQ every day for 7 days correct answers B.MSO4 2.0 mg IV
every 2 to 4 hours as needed for pain
Rationale: Miscommunication is a common cause of medication errors. To help reduce
errors, a list of abbreviations, symbols, and dose designations that should not be used
is available. "MSO4" should be written as "morphine sulfate," and a trailing zero should
not be used after a final decimal point. The medication order should be written as
"Morphine sulfate 2 mg IV every 2 to 4 hours as needed for pain."
Two Issues Related to Drug Safety are: correct answers 1) Adverse drug reactions
(ADRs)•Also known as adverse drug events (ADEs)
2)Medication errors
Adverse Drug Reactions correct answers Any noxious, unintended, and undesired
effect that occurs at normal drug doses
•Excludes excessive dosages
•Can range from annoying to life-threatening
mild adverse drug reactions correct answers drowsiness, nausea, itching, rash
Severe adverse reactions correct answers respiratory depression, neutropenia,
hepatocellular injury, anaphylaxis, hemorrhage
Side effect
-When do they develop? correct answers a nearly unavoidable secondary drug effect
produced at therapeutic doses
-May develop soon after drug is initiated or not until drug has been taken for weeks or
months
-generally predictable
Toxicity
-Examples correct answers Adverse drug reaction caused by excessive dosing, but can
also occur with normal dosing
-neutropenia(risk for infection) and anticancer meds
Allergic reaction correct answers An immunologic hypersensitivity
-can change over time
-very few drugs cause severe allergic reactions
Most common allergic reaction-causing drug correct answers Penicillins
Also induced by sulfonamides
