Pharmacology Ch. 35 (adams)
The nurse plans to teach the client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
about bacterial infections. Which information should the nurse include in this teaching?
Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are
selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
1. If just a few bacteria make you sick, this is virulence.
2. Most bacteria have developed antibiotic resistance.
3. Pathogens are divided into two classes, bacteria and viruses.
4. Pathogenicity means the bacteria can cause an infection.
5. Actually, most bacteria will not harm us. correct answers Correct Answer: 1,4,5
Rationale 1: A highly virulent microbe is one that can produce disease when present in
minute numbers.
Rationale 2: Antibiotic resistance is a problem; however only a few, not most, bacteria
have developed it.
Rationale 3: Human pathogens include viruses, bacteria, fungi, unicellular organisms,
and multicellular animals.
Rationale 4: The ability of an organism to cause infection is called pathogenicity.
Rationale 5: Only a few dozen pathogens commonly cause disease in humans; most
are harmless.
The student nurse asks the nursing instructor for help with her microbiology class. The
student is studying bacteria. What does the best plan by the nursing instructor include?
Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are
selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
1. Bacteria are either aerobic or anaerobic.
2. Bacteria are multicellular organisms.
3. E-coli are gram-negative bacteria.
4. Gram-staining is one way to identify bacteria.
5. Spherical-shaped bacteria are called cocci correct answers Correct Answer: 3,4,5
Rationale 1: Some organisms have the ability to change their metabolism and survive in
either aerobic or anaerobic conditions.
Rationale 2: Bacteria are single cell organisms.
Rationale 3: Gram-staining is one way to identify bacteria. E-coli are gram-negative
bacteria.
Rationale 4: Gram-staining is one way to identify bacteria.
Rationale 5: Spherical-shaped bacteria are called cocci.
The client tells the nurse that the doctor told him his antibiotic did not kill his infection,
but just slowed its growth. The client is anxious. What is the best response by the nurse
to decrease the clients anxiety?
, 1. This is okay because your body will help kill the infection too.
2. This is okay because your doctor is an infectious disease specialist.
3. This is okay because your blood work is being monitored daily.
4. This is okay because your infection is not really that serious. correct answers Correct
Answer: 1
Rationale 1: Some drugs do not kill the bacteria, but instead slow their growth and
depend on the bodys natural defenses to dispose of the microorganisms. These drugs
which slow the growth of bacteria are called bacteriostatic.
Rationale 2: Telling the client that the doctor is a specialist does not answer the
question and will increase anxiety.
Rationale 3: Telling the client that his blood work is being monitored does not answer
the question and will increase anxiety.
Rationale 4: Telling a client with an infection that the infection is not serious will increase
anxiety because to the client, all infections are serious.
The client receives multiple antibiotics to treat a serious infection. What will the priority
assessment of the client by the nurse include?
1. Assessing blood cultures for the presence of bacteria
2. Assessing changes in stool, white patches in the mouth, and urogenital itching or
rash
3. Assessing renal and liver function tests
4. Assessing whether or not the client has adequate food and fluid intake correct
answers Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: Assessing blood cultures is important, but not as important as assessing
for superinfections.
Rationale 2: A superinfection occurs when microorganisms normally present in the
body, host flora, are destroyed by antibiotic therapy. A superinfection can be lethal and
should be suspected if a new infection appears while the client is receiving antibiotics.
Signs of superinfection commonly include diarrhea, white patches in the mouth,
urogenital itching, and presence of a blistering itchy rash.
Rationale 3: Assessing renal and liver function tests is very important, but not as
important as assessing for superinfections.
Rationale 4: Assessing food and fluid intake is very important, but not as important as
assessing for superinfections.
The nurse works in infection control and teaches a class to staff nurses about the ways
that resistance to antibiotics can occur. The nurse evaluates that learning has occurred
when the nurses make which statement?
1. Resistance to antibiotics most often occurs when physicians prescribe too many of
them for elderly clients.
2. Resistance to antibiotics can occur by the common use of them for nosocomial
infections.
3. Resistance to antibiotics most often occurs when physicians prescribe too many of
them for children with ear infections.
4. Resistance to antibiotics can occur by the prophylactic use of them for pre-operative
clients. correct answers Correct Answer: 2
The nurse plans to teach the client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
about bacterial infections. Which information should the nurse include in this teaching?
Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are
selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
1. If just a few bacteria make you sick, this is virulence.
2. Most bacteria have developed antibiotic resistance.
3. Pathogens are divided into two classes, bacteria and viruses.
4. Pathogenicity means the bacteria can cause an infection.
5. Actually, most bacteria will not harm us. correct answers Correct Answer: 1,4,5
Rationale 1: A highly virulent microbe is one that can produce disease when present in
minute numbers.
Rationale 2: Antibiotic resistance is a problem; however only a few, not most, bacteria
have developed it.
Rationale 3: Human pathogens include viruses, bacteria, fungi, unicellular organisms,
and multicellular animals.
Rationale 4: The ability of an organism to cause infection is called pathogenicity.
Rationale 5: Only a few dozen pathogens commonly cause disease in humans; most
are harmless.
The student nurse asks the nursing instructor for help with her microbiology class. The
student is studying bacteria. What does the best plan by the nursing instructor include?
Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are
selected.
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
1. Bacteria are either aerobic or anaerobic.
2. Bacteria are multicellular organisms.
3. E-coli are gram-negative bacteria.
4. Gram-staining is one way to identify bacteria.
5. Spherical-shaped bacteria are called cocci correct answers Correct Answer: 3,4,5
Rationale 1: Some organisms have the ability to change their metabolism and survive in
either aerobic or anaerobic conditions.
Rationale 2: Bacteria are single cell organisms.
Rationale 3: Gram-staining is one way to identify bacteria. E-coli are gram-negative
bacteria.
Rationale 4: Gram-staining is one way to identify bacteria.
Rationale 5: Spherical-shaped bacteria are called cocci.
The client tells the nurse that the doctor told him his antibiotic did not kill his infection,
but just slowed its growth. The client is anxious. What is the best response by the nurse
to decrease the clients anxiety?
, 1. This is okay because your body will help kill the infection too.
2. This is okay because your doctor is an infectious disease specialist.
3. This is okay because your blood work is being monitored daily.
4. This is okay because your infection is not really that serious. correct answers Correct
Answer: 1
Rationale 1: Some drugs do not kill the bacteria, but instead slow their growth and
depend on the bodys natural defenses to dispose of the microorganisms. These drugs
which slow the growth of bacteria are called bacteriostatic.
Rationale 2: Telling the client that the doctor is a specialist does not answer the
question and will increase anxiety.
Rationale 3: Telling the client that his blood work is being monitored does not answer
the question and will increase anxiety.
Rationale 4: Telling a client with an infection that the infection is not serious will increase
anxiety because to the client, all infections are serious.
The client receives multiple antibiotics to treat a serious infection. What will the priority
assessment of the client by the nurse include?
1. Assessing blood cultures for the presence of bacteria
2. Assessing changes in stool, white patches in the mouth, and urogenital itching or
rash
3. Assessing renal and liver function tests
4. Assessing whether or not the client has adequate food and fluid intake correct
answers Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: Assessing blood cultures is important, but not as important as assessing
for superinfections.
Rationale 2: A superinfection occurs when microorganisms normally present in the
body, host flora, are destroyed by antibiotic therapy. A superinfection can be lethal and
should be suspected if a new infection appears while the client is receiving antibiotics.
Signs of superinfection commonly include diarrhea, white patches in the mouth,
urogenital itching, and presence of a blistering itchy rash.
Rationale 3: Assessing renal and liver function tests is very important, but not as
important as assessing for superinfections.
Rationale 4: Assessing food and fluid intake is very important, but not as important as
assessing for superinfections.
The nurse works in infection control and teaches a class to staff nurses about the ways
that resistance to antibiotics can occur. The nurse evaluates that learning has occurred
when the nurses make which statement?
1. Resistance to antibiotics most often occurs when physicians prescribe too many of
them for elderly clients.
2. Resistance to antibiotics can occur by the common use of them for nosocomial
infections.
3. Resistance to antibiotics most often occurs when physicians prescribe too many of
them for children with ear infections.
4. Resistance to antibiotics can occur by the prophylactic use of them for pre-operative
clients. correct answers Correct Answer: 2
