NR 566 MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
Common CAP pathogens - Answer-S. Pneumoniae (most common)
H. Influenzae (smokers/COPD)
P. Aeruginosa (CF)
CAP first line treatment - Answer-Macrolides, Doxycyline, Amoxicillin
what to give if 1st CAP treatment doesn't work? - Answer-Respiratory Fluoroquinolone if
not received abx in the past 3 months
Mycoplasma pneumoniae - Answer-atypical pneumonia; commonly seen in children
pediatric atypical pneumonia treatment - Answer-Macrolides (Erythromycin), if failed
then Respiratory fluoroquinolone
CAP treatment during pregnancy - Answer-Amoxicillin, cephalosporins, or Erythromycin
Treatment of chlamydial pneumonia in infant - Answer-Macrolide (Azithromycin): 500mg
orally on day 1 followed by 250 mg once daily on days 2-5
When to use broad/empiric spectrum antibiotics? - Answer-Before cultures are resulted/
critically ill patient after first culture obtained, based on NP knowledge of patient history,
local susceptibility/geographic location
When to use narrow spectrum antibiotics? - Answer-Used when the culture and
sensitivity is resulted, and pathogen is known.
how to treat C.diff - Answer-Stop the antibiotic that may have caused it
1st: Vancomycin 125 mg PO QID x 10 days.
2nd: Metronidazole 500mg PO TID x 10 days
address hydration
Drug class known for ALL drugs in class to promote development of C. Diff - Answer-
2nd and 3rd generation Cephalosporins
Penicillin: Cross-sensitivity reactions with which drug classes - Answer-Cephalosporins
& Carbapenems
(Allergy may be mild or severe)
, Safe penicillin during pregancy - Answer-Amoxicillin
patient education for Cephalosporins - Answer-Report to provider any loose stools,
complete full course of antibiotics, s/s of allergy
Cephalosporins in pregnancy - Answer-All appear safe for use
patient education for Tetracyclines - Answer-photosensitivity (wear sunscreen!),
complete full course, s/s of allergy
Tetracyclines in pregnancy - Answer-Can lead to fetal death; avoided for use
Patient education for macrolides - Answer-Take with meals to avoid GI upset,
contraindicated w/ warfarin
Aminoglycoside patient teaching - Answer-Patients should report tinnitus, high-
frequency hearing loss, persistent headache, nausea, dizziness or vertigo
sulfonamides patient teaching - Answer-Finish full course
Increase fluid intake to 8-10 cups/day
Take on empty stomach
Avoid sun exposure/wear sunscreen
Sulfonamides during pregnancy - Answer-not to be used during 1st trimester, can cause
kernicterus in infants
Gentamicin renal dose adjustments - Answer-decreased dosage for renal impaired
tinea capitis treatment - Answer-oral griseofulvin
drug to treat aspergillosis (Fungal Pneumonia) - Answer-Voriconazole
Which Anthelmintics carry risk for hypotension with patients on antihypertensives? -
Answer-Ivermectin and Moxidectin
Which Anthelmintics can cause bone marrow suppression and liver impairment? -
Answer-Mebendazole and Albendazole
Which Anthelmintic is generally safe to give w/out baseline data? - Answer-
Which Anthelmintic is safe for use in pregnancy? - Answer-Praziquantel, Moxidectin
Risks associated with Didanosine - Answer-pancreatitis, neuropathy, lactic acidosis,
hepatotoxicity, optic disorders
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
Common CAP pathogens - Answer-S. Pneumoniae (most common)
H. Influenzae (smokers/COPD)
P. Aeruginosa (CF)
CAP first line treatment - Answer-Macrolides, Doxycyline, Amoxicillin
what to give if 1st CAP treatment doesn't work? - Answer-Respiratory Fluoroquinolone if
not received abx in the past 3 months
Mycoplasma pneumoniae - Answer-atypical pneumonia; commonly seen in children
pediatric atypical pneumonia treatment - Answer-Macrolides (Erythromycin), if failed
then Respiratory fluoroquinolone
CAP treatment during pregnancy - Answer-Amoxicillin, cephalosporins, or Erythromycin
Treatment of chlamydial pneumonia in infant - Answer-Macrolide (Azithromycin): 500mg
orally on day 1 followed by 250 mg once daily on days 2-5
When to use broad/empiric spectrum antibiotics? - Answer-Before cultures are resulted/
critically ill patient after first culture obtained, based on NP knowledge of patient history,
local susceptibility/geographic location
When to use narrow spectrum antibiotics? - Answer-Used when the culture and
sensitivity is resulted, and pathogen is known.
how to treat C.diff - Answer-Stop the antibiotic that may have caused it
1st: Vancomycin 125 mg PO QID x 10 days.
2nd: Metronidazole 500mg PO TID x 10 days
address hydration
Drug class known for ALL drugs in class to promote development of C. Diff - Answer-
2nd and 3rd generation Cephalosporins
Penicillin: Cross-sensitivity reactions with which drug classes - Answer-Cephalosporins
& Carbapenems
(Allergy may be mild or severe)
, Safe penicillin during pregancy - Answer-Amoxicillin
patient education for Cephalosporins - Answer-Report to provider any loose stools,
complete full course of antibiotics, s/s of allergy
Cephalosporins in pregnancy - Answer-All appear safe for use
patient education for Tetracyclines - Answer-photosensitivity (wear sunscreen!),
complete full course, s/s of allergy
Tetracyclines in pregnancy - Answer-Can lead to fetal death; avoided for use
Patient education for macrolides - Answer-Take with meals to avoid GI upset,
contraindicated w/ warfarin
Aminoglycoside patient teaching - Answer-Patients should report tinnitus, high-
frequency hearing loss, persistent headache, nausea, dizziness or vertigo
sulfonamides patient teaching - Answer-Finish full course
Increase fluid intake to 8-10 cups/day
Take on empty stomach
Avoid sun exposure/wear sunscreen
Sulfonamides during pregnancy - Answer-not to be used during 1st trimester, can cause
kernicterus in infants
Gentamicin renal dose adjustments - Answer-decreased dosage for renal impaired
tinea capitis treatment - Answer-oral griseofulvin
drug to treat aspergillosis (Fungal Pneumonia) - Answer-Voriconazole
Which Anthelmintics carry risk for hypotension with patients on antihypertensives? -
Answer-Ivermectin and Moxidectin
Which Anthelmintics can cause bone marrow suppression and liver impairment? -
Answer-Mebendazole and Albendazole
Which Anthelmintic is generally safe to give w/out baseline data? - Answer-
Which Anthelmintic is safe for use in pregnancy? - Answer-Praziquantel, Moxidectin
Risks associated with Didanosine - Answer-pancreatitis, neuropathy, lactic acidosis,
hepatotoxicity, optic disorders
