ACS Chemistry 131 FINAL EXAM 2023 WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS

Atomic Structures - correct answer Know all the problems except #7,14,15 When looking at the atomic structure what does the left-hand subscript represent - correct answer Left hand subscript = atomic number When looking at the atomic structure what does the left-hand superscript represent - correct answer The mass number Where on the atomic structure would we find the ionic change (if the isotope has one) - correct answer On the right hand super-script The mass number = a combination of what two things - correct answer Mass number is the sum of all the number of protons and neutrons The atomic number equals what? - correct answer The atomic number = the number of protons - Found on left side subscript If there is no charge on the isotope what can we assume about its # of electrons - correct answer We can assume that its number of electrons is equal to its number of protons What is the definition of an isotope - correct answer Isotopes are forms of the same element that differ only in their number of neutrons in the nuclei - Atomic models will be the same with same subscripts on the left but different superscripts on the left Give an example of an isotope - correct answer ²³⁵U and ²³⁸U What particle can you remove from a nucleus and have no change to an elements atomic number - correct answer The neutrons because they carry no charge What type of charge is associated with the following: proton, alpha particle, beta particle, neutron - correct answer Proton: one positive charge Alpha particle: two positive charges Beta particle: one negative charge Neutron: neutral, no charge What was concluded from Ernest Rutherford's experiment - correct answer That alpha particles when shot at a metal target mostly passed through but some were deflected at large angles. - This tells us that most of the mass and all of the positive charges are concentrated in a tiny fraction of the volume of the atom (protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus/middle of an atom) - This tells us that most of an atom is just empty space List the Electromagnetic Spectrum for photons/lights going from greatest to least - correct answer X-rays, Ultraviolet, Visible Light, Infrared, Microwaves, TV, Radio Waves