Micro 260 LCC Review Exam Questions and Answers 100% Already Graded A+ Excel_ Micro 260 LCC

Micro 260 LCC Review Exam Questions and Answers 100% Already Graded A+ Excel_ Micro 260 LCC Antonie van Leeuwenhoek () - CORRECT ANSWER--Dutch linen merchant. -First to observe living microbes. - invented microscope -Single-lens magnified up to 300X. - animalcules for microbes doctrine of spontaneous generation (abiogenesis) - CORRECT ANSWER-living things came from non-living entities, majority of scientists believed this, major-set back to mico Germ Theory of Disease - CORRECT ANSWER-living things came from other living things that germs can invade other organisms and produce disease. redi's experiment (17th century) - CORRECT ANSWER-set up 3 jars with meat, one unsealed, one sealed, and one covered with gauze, observed the occurrence of maggots in meat. CONCLUSION: maggots came from flies that laid eggs on the meat, not the rotten meat itself. spallananzanis experiment (17th century) - CORRECT ANSWER-studied microbial growth on broth, CONCLUSION: microbes did not come from broth. Filtering and heating air which prevented microbial growth. Gravy boil in flasks, one flask sealed, one left open, the one left open full of microorganisms, the one closed free of organisms pasteur's experiment (1859) - CORRECT ANSWER-french chemist famous for swan neck flask experiment, broth sterilized, allowed to cool, broth stayed sterile, flask tilted to that the broth then interacted with dust from air, bacteria grew and multiplied. In this set up fresh air can enter flask but the dust carrying microbes got stuck in the curve of flask leading to sterile broth. tyndalls experiement (late 1800s) - CORRECT ANSWER-sealed flask experiment where boil broth was kept in a box. refuted spontaneous generation because it didn't happen even with unfiltered air. Louis Pasteur - CORRECT ANSWER-discovered anareobic life microbes role in fermentation developed pasteurization for beet and wine identified microbes that cause disease in silkworm developed first vax for rabies Robert Koch - CORRECT ANSWER-anthrax in humans and cattle due to bacillus anthracis first to isolate bacteria with streak and pour plate first to develop agar identified TB isolation of Bibrio cholerae taught first course of microbio first to study malaria, typhoid fever, sleeping sickness. Koch's postulates - CORRECT ANSWER-a sequence of experimental steps for directly relating a specific microbe to a specific disease Semmelweis (mid 1800) - CORRECT ANSWER-first created sanitary practices in maternity wards instructed medical interns to wash hands after morgue before delivering babies criticized as paranoid, died in an asylum Lister (1865) - CORRECT ANSWER-surgical antisepsis using carbolic acid to disinfect instruments, bandages, and OR rooms Listerine- father of the science of antisepsis Paul Ehrlick (1878) - CORRECT ANSWER-initiated search for checmicals that target pathogens but spare host tissues. Discovered salvarsan vs. syphilis father of chemo Fleming (1922) - CORRECT ANSWER-discovered penicillin (first abx) Avery, McCarty, MacLeod - CORRECT ANSWER-Identified DNA as the transforming principle Hershey and Chase - CORRECT ANSWER-genetic material of virsuses is DNA/RNA Watson and Crick - CORRECT ANSWER-discovered the structure of DNA Holley, Khorana, Nirenberg - CORRECT ANSWER-1968; genetic code Smith, Nathans, and Arber (1978) - CORRECT ANSWER-developed restriction enzymes to cut DNA in specific places 1994 - CORRECT ANSWER-FDA approves first gentically engieneered food, slow ripening tomato 2001 - CORRECT ANSWER-bioterrorism using anthrax spores in US sent via mail by Bruce Irvin 2019 - CORRECT ANSWER-Sars COV 2 2020 - CORRECT ANSWER-COVID declared pandemic by WHO microbiology - CORRECT ANSWER-the study of organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye microorganisms - CORRECT ANSWER-organisms with diameter of 1mm or less, cannot be seen with naked eye bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER-unicellular prokaryotes (without nucleus) bacteria reproduction - CORRECT ANSWER-binary fission Types of bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER-motile, non motile, photosynthetic, non photosynthetic, aerobic, anaerobic, facultative anaerobes. Avg size 0.5-2.0 microm coccus - CORRECT ANSWER-round bacillus - CORRECT ANSWER-Rod shaped bacteria spirillum - CORRECT ANSWER-spiral shaped bacteria protists - CORRECT ANSWER-unicellular eukaryotes algae - CORRECT ANSWER-plant like protists, aquatic and photosynthetic protozoa - CORRECT ANSWER-animal like protists, capable of movement