SCIENCE OF ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSING
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Primary prevention - Primary prevention: the prevention of disease (i.e. immunizations,
prenatal care, and dental fluoride).
Secondary prevention: - early screening and detection of disease (i.e. mammography
and colonoscopy)
Tertiary prevention: - the restoration of health after illness or disease has occurred (i.e.
use of anti-hypertensives or cholesterol lowering medications).
Screening - early signs of chronic disease surface in midlife or between 40 and 65
years.
Nonmodifiable risk factors - include sex, age, and genetic/family history.
Nonmodifiable - means the risk factors cannot be changed in any way.
Health literacy - is commonly defined as the degree to which individuals have the
capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic information and services needed to
make appropriate decisions regarding their health (Affordable Care Act, 2010).
health promotion - can be defined as activities and preventive measures that contribute
to an individual's state of optimal health.
Pivotal role in educating the patient and the community about health-promoting
behaviors
Many instruments are available to assess a person's level of health literacy - •Newest
Vital Scale (N V S) instrument;
•Test of Functional Health literacy in Adults (T O F H L A); and
•Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine-Short Form (R E A L M-S F).
Three major government initiatives that have had great impact on health promotion in
the United States are - the National Prevention Strategy, Healthy People 2020, and the
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Seven Priorities of NPS are identified to reduce the burden of the leading causes of
preventable death and major illness - •Tobacco-Free Living
•Preventing Drug Abuse and Excessive Alcohol Use
•Healthy Eating