Patho HESI review Exam Questions With Rational Solutions

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone hypersecretion (SIADH) may result from: (select all that apply) - ANSWER-- ectopic production of ADH by tumors - pulmonary disorders like asthma. - central nervous system disorders such as encephalitis. - psychiatric disease treated with antidepressants or antipsychotics. SIADH may result from tumor-produced ADH and is seen in conditions such as asthma and encephalitis and as a result of antidepressant or antipsychotic medication therapy. Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a disorder of insufficient activity of ADH and is not a cause of SIADH. A symptom of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is: - ANSWER-hyponatremia (dilution) The cardinal features of SIADH are symptoms of water intoxication. These include hyponatremia (low serum sodium), serum hypoosmolality, and urine that is inappropriately concentrated (hyperosmolar) with respect to serum osmolality. Which symptom would a patient diagnosed with pheochromocytoma also experience? - ANSWER-Headaches Pheochromocytoma causes excessive release of epinephrine and norepinephrine resulting in hypertension, tachycardia, decreased insulin secretion, and headaches due to changes in cerebral blood flow. Myxedema coma is generally associated with: - ANSWER-lactic acidosis. Myxedema coma is a medical emergency involving lactic acidosis. It is associated with a diminished level of consciousness due to severe hypothyroidism. Signs and symptoms include hypothermia, hypoventilation, hypotension, hypoglycemia, and lactic acidosis. A newly diagnosed diabetic patient will exhibit symptoms of: (select all that apply) - ANSWER-- polydipsia - weight loss - polyphagia - polyuria