SOCIOLOGY OA STUDY GUIDE 2024 #4
Symbolic Interactionism - correct answer a theoretical perspective in which society is
viewed as composed of symbols that people use to establish meaning, develop their
views of the world, and communicate with one another
Functionalism Theory - correct answer society is a system of interconnected parts that
work together in harmony to maintain a state of balance and social equilibrium for the
whole.
Conflict Theory - correct answer a theory that looks at society as a competition for
limited resources
Three Sociological Perspectives - correct answer Symbolic Interactionism
Conflict Theory
Functionalism Theory
Methods of Research - correct answer Surveys, participant observation, case studies,
secondary analysis, documents, experiments, and unobstructed measures.
Laud Humphrey's Tearoom Trade Study - correct answer Unethical
Meterial Culture - correct answer material objects that distinguish a group of people,
such as art, buildings, weapons, utensils, machines , hair-styles, clothing, jewelry`
Non Material Culture - correct answer a group's way of thinking and doing
Ethocentrism - correct answer the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all
other groups or cultures
Cultural relativism - correct answer not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its
own terms
Subculture - correct answer the values and related behaviors of a group that distinguish
its members from the larger culture; a world within a world
Counterculture - correct answer A culture with lifestyles and values opposed to those of
the established culture.
Deviance - correct answer the recognized violation of cultural norms
Crime - correct answer An act against the law
Biosocial Theorists - correct answer Genetic predisposition, inborn tendencies; a
tendency to commit a deviant act; street crimes such as mugging, rape, and burglury
, Psychologists - correct answer Personality disorders; the view that a personality
disturbance of some sort causes an individual to violate social norms
Sociologist - correct answer social influences that recruit people to break norms. To
account for why people commit crimes, for example, sociologist examine such external
influences as socialization, memberships in subcultures, and social class.
Theories of Deviance - correct answer Differential Associative Theory
Control Theory
Labeling Theory
Differential association theory - correct answer deviance can be learned through
interactions with others
Control theory - correct answer the idea that two control systems- inner controls and
outer controls- work against our tendencies to deviate
Labeling theory - correct answer theory that society creates deviance by identifying
particular members as deviant
Functionalist Theory of Deviance (strain theory) - correct answer Robert Merton's theory
that deviance occurs when a society does not give all of its members equal ability to
achieve socially acceptable goals
Conflict theory of deviance - correct answer The conflict perspective looks at deviance
in terms of social inequality and power. The rich and powerful use their positions to
determine which acts are deviant and how deviants should be punished. Supporters of
this theory believe that minorities receive unequal treatment in the American criminal
justice system.
Primary Groups - correct answer small groups characterized by intense emotional ties,
face-to-face interaction, intimacy, and a strong, enduring sense of commitment
Secondary group - correct answer a group in which interaction is impersonal and
temporary in nature
Ingroups - correct answer groups to which we feel we belong
Out-group - correct answer a social group toward which a person feels a sense of
competition or opposition
Five Characteristics of Bureaucracy - correct answer Separate levels
A division of labor
Written rules
Written communication and records
Impersonality and replaceability
Symbolic Interactionism - correct answer a theoretical perspective in which society is
viewed as composed of symbols that people use to establish meaning, develop their
views of the world, and communicate with one another
Functionalism Theory - correct answer society is a system of interconnected parts that
work together in harmony to maintain a state of balance and social equilibrium for the
whole.
Conflict Theory - correct answer a theory that looks at society as a competition for
limited resources
Three Sociological Perspectives - correct answer Symbolic Interactionism
Conflict Theory
Functionalism Theory
Methods of Research - correct answer Surveys, participant observation, case studies,
secondary analysis, documents, experiments, and unobstructed measures.
Laud Humphrey's Tearoom Trade Study - correct answer Unethical
Meterial Culture - correct answer material objects that distinguish a group of people,
such as art, buildings, weapons, utensils, machines , hair-styles, clothing, jewelry`
Non Material Culture - correct answer a group's way of thinking and doing
Ethocentrism - correct answer the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all
other groups or cultures
Cultural relativism - correct answer not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its
own terms
Subculture - correct answer the values and related behaviors of a group that distinguish
its members from the larger culture; a world within a world
Counterculture - correct answer A culture with lifestyles and values opposed to those of
the established culture.
Deviance - correct answer the recognized violation of cultural norms
Crime - correct answer An act against the law
Biosocial Theorists - correct answer Genetic predisposition, inborn tendencies; a
tendency to commit a deviant act; street crimes such as mugging, rape, and burglury
, Psychologists - correct answer Personality disorders; the view that a personality
disturbance of some sort causes an individual to violate social norms
Sociologist - correct answer social influences that recruit people to break norms. To
account for why people commit crimes, for example, sociologist examine such external
influences as socialization, memberships in subcultures, and social class.
Theories of Deviance - correct answer Differential Associative Theory
Control Theory
Labeling Theory
Differential association theory - correct answer deviance can be learned through
interactions with others
Control theory - correct answer the idea that two control systems- inner controls and
outer controls- work against our tendencies to deviate
Labeling theory - correct answer theory that society creates deviance by identifying
particular members as deviant
Functionalist Theory of Deviance (strain theory) - correct answer Robert Merton's theory
that deviance occurs when a society does not give all of its members equal ability to
achieve socially acceptable goals
Conflict theory of deviance - correct answer The conflict perspective looks at deviance
in terms of social inequality and power. The rich and powerful use their positions to
determine which acts are deviant and how deviants should be punished. Supporters of
this theory believe that minorities receive unequal treatment in the American criminal
justice system.
Primary Groups - correct answer small groups characterized by intense emotional ties,
face-to-face interaction, intimacy, and a strong, enduring sense of commitment
Secondary group - correct answer a group in which interaction is impersonal and
temporary in nature
Ingroups - correct answer groups to which we feel we belong
Out-group - correct answer a social group toward which a person feels a sense of
competition or opposition
Five Characteristics of Bureaucracy - correct answer Separate levels
A division of labor
Written rules
Written communication and records
Impersonality and replaceability
