PSY 105 Exam 2 UNCW Questions & Answers Already Passed!!

sensation - converts physical stimuli into patterns of nervous system responses perception - interprets nervous system responses Vitreous Humor - clear jelly-like substance in the eye Retina - area of the eye that contains all of your visual receptors Presbyopia - occurs in the middle age when the lens loses flexibility and acquires an inability to bring nearby objects into focus Myopia - Nearsightedness (elongated eyeballs) Hyperopia - Farsightedness Glaucoma - Optic nerve damaged, peripheral vision impaired due to increased pressure in the eyeball Cataracts - cause the lens in the eye to cloud Cones - A type of specialized neuron in the eye, make up about 5-10% of visual receptors. Used in color vision, daytime, detect detail, not may in peripheral vision Rods - Make up most of the visual receptors in the eye, concentrated in peripheral vision, used for night vision Pitch - Frequency perceptionTympanic Membrane - eardrum, sound waves strike the eardrum and send vibrations to the three tiny bones in ear The malleus - (the hammer) tiny bone in ear that vibrates when hearing The incus - (the anvil) tiny bone that vibrates when hearing The stapes - (stirrup) tiny bone in ear that vibrates when hearing Conduction deafness - bones in ear not working properly Nerve deafness - Damage to structures that receive/transmit impulses (auditory nerve, cochlea, hair cells) Frequency principle - principle used to hear up to 100 Hz Volley principle - principle used to hear from 100-4000 Hz (speech and music) Place principle - principle used to hear beyond 4000 Hz Vestibular sense - Balance, uses the vestibule in the ear which has semicircular canals that are oriented in three different directions Cutaneous Senses - Touch; pressure, warmth, cold, pain, vibration, movement and stretching of skin, these sense comprise the somatosensory system Primary Somatosensory Cortex - the fingertips and lips contain many more cutaneous receptors than any other body regionsGate theory of pain - Theory proposed in 1965 by Metzack and Wall, states that seeking or believing in treatment can cause a reduction in pain, attempts to explain why a given injury may cause more pain in one person than another Signal-detection theory - When people try to judge whether a stimulus is present or absent, they make correct judgements, misses, and false alarms. The study of their answers is known as Feature-detector cells - Hubel and Wiesel's research on cats' and monkeys' visual cortex provided evidence for Size Constancy - As you watch a car drive toward you, you do not perceive it as growing larger, even though the image in you retina grows larger. The name for this phenomenon is... Ebbinghaus - found out that we have a tendency to remember things at the beginning and the end of a process Von Restore Effect - distinctive/ unusual information is easier to retain Free recall - no info given, essays Cued recall - Short answers Recognition - multiple choice savings/relearning method - compares the speed that new material is learned to the speed of relearning old material Implicit Memory - No conscious memory of learning the info, but we know it Explicit - We know it and remember learning itDeclarative memory - recall of fact Semantic declarative memory - words/definitions memory episodic declarative memory - memory containing events and details of life history Procedural memory - recall of how to do something Information-processing Model of Memory - treats memory like a computer retrieval cues - hints that help bring forth long term memory info 7+/-2 bits - memory capacity for adults consolidation - the formation of long term memory methodological behaviorists - behaviorists that study only events that can be observed and measured Cognitive behaviorists - behaviorists that make inferences about internal events through observations of behavior Strict (radical) behaviorists - behaviorists that are not concerned with internal thinking, believe that internal states are cause by external events or genetics Loeb - argued that all animal and human behavior could be understood as stimulus-response psychologyAssumptions of behaviorism - Behaviorists are deterministic, The universe runs by cause-and-effect, Therefore behavior (an effect) must have identifiable causes, So the right information, behavior can be predicted outcome or consequence - the strongest influence on behavior Ivan Pavlov - physiologist who won a nobel peace prize, conducted dog experiment and found "conditioned reflexes" unconditioned response - connection between food and saliva neutral stimulus - buzzer (at first) unconditioned stimulus - an event that consistently and automatically elicits a response conditioned stimulus - an event that causes a response that has been conditioned conditioned response - salivating (at the buzzer, in anticipation for food) acquision - the establishment of a conditioned response extinction - unteaching the response to the stimuli