ACAAI Review Chapter 5 Exam with Questions and Answers

ACAAI Review Chapter 5 Exam with Questions and Answers What are the primary mechanisms of early- and late-phase allergic rhinitis? ANSWER Early-phase mechanisms are allergen-induced mast cell secretion of histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes; late-phase mechanisms are eosinophil chemotaxis, caused by chemical mediators produced in the early reaction Intranasal corticosteroids block which phase(s) of the allergic response? ANSWER They block both the early-phase (rhinorrhea, sneezing) and late-phase (congestion) responses What is the most common cause of rhinitis during pregnancy? ANSWER Preexisting allergic rhinitis; about one-third of women with AR experience symptom exacerbation during pregnancy Why can nasal congestion or rhinorrhea develop in hypothyroidism? ANSWER Turbinate edema resulting from the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone Acute onset of unilateral, clear rhinorrhea that is worse when the patient leans forward should prompt evaluation with what test? ANSWER Check β2-transferrin in nasal secretions for suspected CSF rhinorrhea What is the pathophysiologic mechanism for pale, boggy nasal mucosa in patients with AR? ANSWER Fluid extravasation leads to mucosal edema and venous constriction How does AFRS lead to bone destruction and extension outside the sinuses? ANSWER Expansile growth of fungal hyphae and generation of allergic mucin