RICA Test Prep (Questions & Answers) Passed!!

sound deletion - Answer-The teacher says word, for example, "bill," has students repeat it, and then instructs students to repeat the word without the first sound, "ill". oral blending - Answer-The teacher says each sound, for example, "/b/, /ɑ/, /l/" and students respond with the word, "ball." phoneme isolation - Answer-recognizing the individual sounds in words, for example, "Tell me the first sound you hear in the word paste" (/p/) phoneme substitution - Answer-one can turn a word (such as "cat") into another (such as "hat") by substituting one phoneme (such as /h/) for another (/k/). Phoneme substitution can take place for initial sounds (cat-hat), middle sounds (cat-cut) or ending sounds (cat-can). onset - Answer-the part of the syllable that precedes the vowel of the syllable rime - Answer-the part of a syllable which consists of its vowel and any consonant sounds that come after it Elkonin Box - Answer-A strategy for segmenting sounds in a word that involves drawing a box to represent each sound in a word. phonemic awareness - Answer-The ability to hear, identify,and manipulate the individual sounds, phonemes, in oral language. Yopp-Singer Test - Answer-an assessment of phoneme segmentation that determines a reader's ability to break a word apart into sounds (not letters) minimal pairs - Answer-a pair of words that vary by only one phoneme, e.g. cook/book, passed/last. Informal Reading Inventory (IRI) - Answer-To determine a students independent reading level. An assessment in which a student reads a selected series of texts that gradually increase in difficulty. The teacher records errors and assesses comprehension to determine the levels of reading materialsappropriate for the student. The IRI yields three reading levels: Independent, Instructional and Frustration. reading levels - Answer-Independent Reading Level: decode 95%, comprehension 90% Instructional Reading Level: decode 90%, comprehension 60% Frustration Reading Level: decode less than 90%, comprehension less than 50% Running Record - Answer-Also known as miscue analysis. An assessment method that documents a child's reading as he or she reads aloud and allows the teacher to evaluate the reading level and track errors. Specific marks are made to indicate the types of errors. Types of oral reading errors - Answer-graphophonemic (feather for father), syntactic (door for wall), semantic (dad for father) percentile scores - Answer-the percentage of the population whose scores fall at or below the student's score. grade equivalent - Answer-used to describe student's performance in comparison to the performance of an average student at a specified grade level stanine - Answer-a method of scaling test scores on a nine-point standard scale with a mean of five (5) and a standard deviation of two (2) Phonemic Awareness Instructional Strategies - Answer-Books with wordplay, rhyming, sound matching, sound isolation, sound blending, sound addition and substitution, segmentation: Elkonin boxes, word boundaries Differentiated Instruction - Answer-involves teaching children what they don't know (assessment will tell you), uses flexible grouping patterns (especially needs-based groups, and timely intervention (individualized if necessary) Reading program should be (S-ABCD) - Answer-Standards-driven, Assessment based, Balanced in instructional focus (methods and activity), Comprehensive in scope, and provide differentiated instruction to account for individual differences