NUR 134 Test 5 - Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions)

NUR 134 Test 5 - Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) What percentage of fat calories should come from saturated fats? A) 10% B) 35% C) 20-35% D) 10-35% The RDA for fats is ______ of total caloric intake 1) 35% 2) 10% 3) 10-35% 4) 20-35% What is the RDA of cholesterol? A) 300 mg/day B) 10% C) 35% D) 20-35% Carbs have ___ calories/gram, with the exception of indigestible ________ 1) 9, fiber 2) 4, fiber 3) 9, protein 4) 4, protein Rationale: Carbs produces 4 calories/gram except for the indigestible fiber. Protein also produces 4 calories/gram but no indigestible fiber. Fats produces 9 calories/gram. What are carbs converted to? fat amino acids glucose minerals Rationale: Carbs are converted into glucose (aka energy) Fat is a macronutrient Protein converts into amino acids Minerals are micronutrients What is the primary function of carbs? 1) building/repair structure 2) energy 3) insulation 4) temperature control Rationale: Building/repair structure is the main function of Proteins thus the reason for high protein diets after surgeries. Energy is the main function of Carbs and thus the correct answer here. Insulation and Temperature control are main functions of Fats. What are the primary sources of carbs?(SATA) 1) plants 2) lactose 3) animals 4) nuts and oils 5) A and B 6) C and D Rationale: Plants and Lactose are correct Animals, nuts and oils are sources of fats The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of carbs is _______ grams or _______% of caloric intake (should be complex carbs) A) 300, 20-35 B) 50-100, 45-65 C) 0.8, 10-35 D) 2,200-3,000, 45-60 Rationale: 50-100 grams or 45-65% of caloric intake is correct answer 300 mg/day is the max amount of Cholesterol or 20-35% is RDA for Fats 0.8 g/kg or 10-35% is RDA for Protein ml/day is the amount of water one should take in Condition in which the body has an abnormal concentration of ketone bodies resulting from excessive fat metabolism alkalosis acidosis ketosis none of these Meeting the RDA of carbs prevents what condition? alkalosis acidosis ketosis none of these Rationale: A lot of new age diets focuses on Ketosis and it's benefits. They require restricting your Carb intake, some are extreme and unhealthy. What are the macronutrients?(SATA) Carbs Protein Fats All of these What type of carbs delay gastric emptying, lower serum cholesterol, & delay glucose absorption?(SATA) simple sugars starch water-soluble fiber cellulose & water-insoluble fiber A and B All of these Which type of carbs' main function is energy?(SATA) simple sugars starch water-soluble fiber cellulose & water-insoluble fiber A and B All of these Rationale: Simple Sugars and Starches get converted into glucose which the body uses as energy, provided not excessive. Water-Soluble Fiber delay gastric emptying, lower serum cholesterol, and delay glucose absorption. Cellulose & Water-Insoluble Fiber adds fecal bulk and moves things through the intestine quicker Which type of carbs absorb water, add fecal bulk, & decrease intestinal transit time?(SATA) simple sugars starch water-soluble fiber cellulose & water-insoluble fiber A and B All of these Rationale: Simple Sugars and Starches get converted into glucose which the body uses as energy, provided not excessive. Water-Soluble Fiber delay gastric emptying, lower serum cholesterol, and delay glucose absorption. Cellulose & Water-Insoluble Fiber adds fecal bulk and moves things through the intestine quicker What type of carb helps improve glucose tolerance in diabetics?(SATA) simple sugars starch water-soluble fiber cellulose & water-insoluble fiber A and B All of these Rationale: Simple Sugars and Starches get converted into glucose which the body uses as energy, provided not excessive. Water-Soluble Fiber delay gastric emptying, lower serum cholesterol, and delay glucose absorption. Cellulose & Water-Insoluble Fiber adds fecal bulk and moves things through the intestine quicker What type of carbs help relieve constipation?(SATA) simple sugars starch water-soluble fiber cellulose & water-insoluble fiber A and B All of these Rationale: Simple Sugars and Starches get converted into glucose which the body uses as energy, provided not excessive. Water-Soluble Fiber delay gastric emptying, lower serum cholesterol, and delay glucose absorption. Cellulose & Water-Insoluble Fiber adds fecal bulk and moves things through the intestine quicker Cellulose & water-insoluble fibers are __________ and are therefore excreted digestible indigestible absorbed none of these A deficient intake of cellulose & other water-insoluble fibers may cause ________; an excess intake may increase the risk for _________ ketosis, dental caries acidosis, renal calculi cholesterol, heart disease alkalosis, high BP What type of carbs can be found in fruits, vegetables, grains, dried peas/beans, milk (lactose), and sugars (white/brown/honey/molasses, syrup)? simple sugars starch water-soluble fiber cellulose & water-insoluble fiber A and B All of these What types of carbs can be found in whole wheat flour, wheat bran, vegetables such as cabbage, peas, green beans, broccoli, peppers, carrots, and apples? simple sugars starch water-soluble fiber cellulose & water-insoluble fiber A and B All of these What types of carbs can be found in oat bran, oatmeal, dried peas/ beans, vegetables, and fruits such as prunes, pears, apples, bananas and oranges? simple sugars starch water-soluble fiber cellulose & water-insoluble fiber A and B All of these Proteins have ___ calories/gram 4 9 10 20 Rationale: Carbs produces 4 calories/gram except for the indigestible fiber. Protein also produces 4 calories/gram but no indigestible fiber Fats produces 9 calories/gram What is protein converted to? fat amino acids glucose minerals Rationale: Protein converts into amino acids Carbs are converted into glucose (aka energy) Fat is a macronutrient Minerals are micronutrients Functions of protein include: (SATA) cellular structure maintenance/growth antibody formation immunity All of these What are the primary sources of protein? 1) plants 2) lactose 3) animals 4) nuts and oils 5) A and C 6) C and D Rationale: While plants maybe confusing remember Soy is a source of protein and comes from plants. Dietary proteins may be labeled ________ (high quality) or ___________ (low quality) based on their amino acid composition 1) incomplete, complete 2) complete, complete 3) incomplete, incomplete 4) complete, incomplete The RDA of protein is _____ g/kg of desired body weight or ______% of total caloric intake A) 300, 20-35 B) 50-100, 45-65 C) 0.8, 10-35 D) 2,200-3,000, 45-60 Rationale: 0.8 g/kg or 10-35% is RDA for Protein 50-100 grams or 45-65% of caloric intake is correct answer 300 mg/day is the max amount of Cholesterol or 20-35% is RDA for Fats ml/day is the amount of water one should take in Fats have __ calories/gram 4 9 10 20 Rationale: Carbs produces 4 calories/gram except for the indigestible fiber. Protein also produces 4 calories/gram but no indigestible fiber Fats produces 9 calories/gram What are fats converted to? minerals amino acids glucose fatty acids Rationale: Fat is converted into fatty acids Carbs are converted into glucose (aka energy) Protein converts into amino acids Minerals are micronutrients What macronutrient functions in energy, structure, insulation, temperature control, and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins? protein fat carbs vitamins and minerals Fat-like substance found only in animal products and made by the body cholesterol What type of fats raise serum cholesterol? 1) unsaturated 2) saturated 3) trans fat 4) A and C 5) B and C 6) all of these Partially hydrogenated liquid oils 1) unsaturated 2) saturated 3) trans fat 4) A and C 5) B and C 6) all of these Rationale: Saturated - Solid at room temperature i.e. butter Unsaturated - Un-Solid at room temperature i.e. oils Trans fat - fake/engineered solid fats like margarine BAD FOR YOU!!! Most animal fats are considered _________ and have a solid consistency at room temperature 1) unsaturated 2) saturated 3) trans fat 4) A and C 5) B and C 6) all of these Rationale: Saturated - Solid at room temperature i.e. butter Unsaturated - Un-Solid at room temperature i.e. oils Trans fat - fake/engineered solid fats like margarine BAD FOR YOU!!! Most vegetable fats are considered _________ and remain liquid at room temperature 1) unsaturated 2) saturated 3) trans fat 4) A and C 5) B and C 6) all of these Rationale: Saturated - Solid at room temperature i.e. butter Unsaturated - Un-Solid at room temperature i.e. oils Trans fat - fake/engineered solid fats like margarine BAD FOR YOU!!! What type of fat lowers serum cholesterol levels? 1) unsaturated 2) saturated 3) trans fat 4) A and C 5) B and C 6) all of these What are the primary sources of fats?(SATA) animal fats vegetable fats oils nuts All of these A relationship exists between elevated cholesterol levels and what medical conditions? long distance running atherosclerosis heart disease B and C All of these Cholesterol is necessary for ______/______ cell functioning, _______ hormone and vitamin ___ production, and synthesis of ______ acids. brain/nerve, steroid, D, bile Organic compounds needed by the body in small amounts that metabolize carbs, protein, and fat. minerals vitamins cholesterol amino acids (T/F) Vitamins provide energy. True False Rationale: Vitamins may help the breakdown and creation of energy but energy's source is carbs and fats not the vitamins. Class of vitamins which are absorbed through the intestinal wall directly into the bloodstream; usually not stored in the body. water-soluble fat-soluble carbohydrate indigestible Class of vitamins that are absorbed with fat into the lymphatic circulation; must be attached to a protein to be transported through the blood. Excess stored in liver & adipose tissue. water-soluble fat-soluble carbohydrate indigestible