AAMC FL 3 PS exam questions fully solved & verified for accuracy 2024

A researcher attempts to replicate studies 1 and 2 with a group of 5-year-olds by using simplified versions of the games. Which cognitive limitation is most likely to inhibit the participants' performance on the dependent variables? A.Lack of object permanence B.Limited understanding of conservation C.Centration D.Egocentrism egocentrism. the study requires the participants to consider other people and egocentrism would stop that. Considering the research on interpersonal attraction, which variable is LEAST likely to predict whether two participants will select each other for a coalition in Study 2? A.The similarity between the participants in terms of activities they enjoy B.The physical attractiveness of the participants C.The number of times the participants have run into each other prior to participating in the study D.The participants' scores on a personality test that assesses neuroticism D. neuroticism would not predict interpersonal interaction. Which of the following findings would suggest that the empathy questionnaire is NOT a valid measure? A.A positive correlation between scores on the empathy questionnaire and the perspective taking skills questionnaire B.A negative correlation between scores on the empathy questionnaire and the personal distress questionnaire C.A positive correlation between scores on the empathy questionnaire and the fantasy perspective taking skills questionnaire D.No correlation between the scores on the empathy questionnaire and the amount of money won in the competition trials both positive correlations would be good. B because experiencing psychological distress when observing someone in pain is an element of empathy. Which of the following hypothetical findings would best support the researchers' hypothesis? A.Participants who have thicker cortexes show improved performance in both studies. B.Participants who have impairments in recognizing faces perform poorly in Study 2, but not in Study 1. C.Participants with damage to the language centers of the brain have difficulty understanding the rules for the war game in Study 1, but they perform similarly to unimpaired participants in Study 2. D.Participants with damage to a specific region of the cortex have difficulty inferring others' feelings in Study 2, but they perform similarly to unimpaired participants in Study 1. A and B are dumb. hypothesis states that empathy and perspective taking are separate skills C- this is talking about language centers and understanding. this answer choice isn't really testing empathy. D- this would be a great way to show that empathy is controlled by a different region of the brain than perspective taking skills. Which term is used to refer to the type of memory phenomenon examined in studies 1 and 2? A.Reproductive memory B.Flashbulb memory C.Prospective memory D.Eidetic memory it would be episodic memory. studies 1 and 2 are referring to information of events that are super emotional. The key details assessed in Study 2 were examples of which type of memory? A.Episodic B.Semantic C.Procedural D.Iconic Episodic memory. studies were asking specific information about what people were doing. Personal information and recall is episodic memory! eidetic memory photographic memory Which statement is the most reasonable explanation for the observation of intrusion errors in Study 2? A.False information was encoded. B.Memory is prospective. C.Memory is reconstructive. D.Repressed information was retrieved. the reason for intrusion errors is because memory is reconstructive. Which critique of laboratory research on memory for emotional events is concerned with generalizability? A.Potential confounding variables are not always controlled in laboratory studies. B.Retention tests employed in laboratory studies are usually concerned with factual information rather than emotions. C.The intensity of emotional responses is more accurately measured after the event in laboratory studies. D. Memories and emotional experiences in real life are very different from those generated in laboratory studies. D. Memories and emotional experiences in real life are very different from those generated in laboratory studies. generalizability---> refers to external validity. out of all of these d makes the most sense. also don't be stupid. look for the critique! external validity extent to which we can generalize findings to real-world settings The finding from Study 3 regarding the differential effect of emotional arousal on memory for central and peripheral details is best explained by which mechanism? Increasing emotional arousal: A.causes a restriction of the focus of attention. B.improves memory, but only up to an optimal level of arousal. C.impairs the encoding of peripheral details. D.enhances the retrieval of encoded central details. the key point of this question is that it wants the effect of emotional arousal on memory for central AND peripheral DETAILS. A. causes a restriction of the focus of attention. When in doubt, go with the most general answer choice. b----> this is involved in performing a task. NOT memory. The hypothesis (Easterbrook, 1959) that a person will notice information that elicits arousal, but fail to process other information, has been supported by studies in which memory for an (emotional) event's "central" aspects (directly tied to the emotion elicitor) is compared to memory for "peripheral" aspects (removed from the source of the emotional arousal). Thus, memory for the fundamental gist of the emotional event is retained, whereas memory for details (if they are encoded at all) either fades or undergoes changes. Individuals with impaired color perception, such as an inability to distinguish between red and green, are most likely to show improper functioning of which part of the visual system? A.Cones B.Cornea C.Rods D.Sclera color= cones The data indicate that: A.the feeding behavior of monkeys was not affected by either prior diet type. B.prior protein insufficiency was a stronger predictor of future feeding behavior than prior protein sufficiency. C.prior feeding history influenced future feeding behavior in monkeys raised on a high-quality protein diet only. D.the feeding behavior was solely determined by both prior diet types. So for this question you look at error bars. You see for the low quality group the error bars overlap and would therefore not be significant. However, there is no overlap in the error bars for the high quality food group, which would indicate that there is a significant correlation. this would make c the right answer choice. A 45-year-old man presents himself at a hospital emergency room. Symptoms include a pounding heart, chest pain, shortness of breath, sweating, and feeling dizzy. Medical tests reveal that the man did not have a heart attack. Which psychiatric diagnosis provides the most likely explanation for the man's symptoms? A.Generalized anxiety disorder B.Panic disorder C.Illness anxiety disorder D.Somatic symptom disorder Panic disorder. these are all symptoms of a panic disorder. heart attack feeling= panic disorder. panic disorder An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. somatic symptom disorder this would be talking about symptoms that can't be explained. Every time a volunteer in a sleep study begins to exhibit rapid eye movements (REM), the experimenter wakes the person up. On the following night, when his or her sleep is uninterrupted, the person will most likely: A.have difficulty falling asleep. B.have more REM sleep than usual. C.have less REM sleep than usual. D.have the same sleep pattern as before the study. have more REM! this would be REM rebound. Based on Figure 1, the best conclusion is that: A.all therapies are equally effective 6 months after treatment. B.CT has the most promising immediate effects. C.both BT and CT are as effective individually as CBT. D.CT is effective only at the 6-month follow-up. a is the only logical answer because there is no significance between any of the 6 month follow up treatments. Using the diagnostic criteria displayed in Figure 1 to classify individuals for treatment, which of the following statements is NOT supported? A.At baseline, participants in all three therapy groups had similar levels of moderately severe insomnia. B.Immediately after treatment, participants in all three therapy groups scored below the threshold for diagnosis for insomnia. C.Across all three therapy groups, average scores remained below threshold for diagnosis at the 6-month follow-up. D.All participants in the study scored below the threshold for diagnosis for insomnia after treatment. Key word: NOT POE- A, b, and C do not say ALL participants. It says participants. ALL participants would be saying that every single participant involved would be reporting this. the graphs have reported "group means." The data does not give data for every single individual. The researchers' decision to use individual (NOT group) therapy in each of the treatment sessions reduced the potential influence of: A.classical conditioning. B.observational learning. C.operant conditioning. D.elaboration likelihood. Why the hell did you put D. Individual sessions would reduce observational learning. observational learning would have major influence on other patients watching. The cycle of worrying described in the passage is an example of: A.a self-fulfilling prophecy. B.stereotype threat. C.the fundamental attribution error. D.cognitive dissonance. A.a self-fulfilling prophecy. One goal of the CT might be to help the patient break the cycle of worrying about sleeplessness, which leads to more sleeplessness and hence more worry. this is a perfect example of this :) When designing a study to test the hypothesis that controlling for SES should reduce racial differences in stress, which data would a researcher be LEAST likely to include in an aggregate measure of SES? A.Occupational status B.Income sources C.Social capital D.Educational attainment social capital is not a measure of SES Based on the information presented in the passage, which correlation coefficient provides the best estimate of the association between SES and level of exposure to stress? A.-0.20 B.-0.05 C.+0.15 D.+0.50 passage: "research has established that people in lower socioeconomic positions face disproportionate exposure to certain stressors." this would indicate a very negative correlation with SES. C and D are out because these are positive correlations. B is weakly negative. A is the best answer because it is very negative. If certain stressors lead to an emotional response of anger and hostility, which consequence is more likely for individuals from lower socioeconomic positions? A.Increased incidence of heart disease B.Stronger reliance upon coping mechanisms C.Reduced external locus of control D.Fewer depressive symptoms A. anger and hostility are related with heart disease.