WCU FINAL EXAM (NURS 100)
Prodromal stage of infection - ✔️✔️During this stage the person is most infectious and
symptoms are becoming more specific; pathogen is multiplying
Illness stage of infection - ✔️✔️Signs and symptoms are occurring
Convalescence stage of infection - ✔️✔️Recovery
Urinary tract infections, surgical site infections, blood stream infections, and pneumonia-
ventilated associated infections are mostly acquired where? - ✔️✔️Hospital
What kinds of patients are at risk for infection? - ✔️✔️-The immunocompromised
-People that go into crowded environments
-Older adults
-Patients with poor lifestyle choices: unprotected sex, drug users
-People with poor hygiene
-People recently exposed to a virus
INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION - ✔️✔️Communication within an individual
(self-talk)
SMALL GROUP COMMUNICATION - ✔️✔️Communication within a group of people
working towards a mutual goal.
S.O.L.E.R. - ✔️✔️S- sit facing the patient
O- open posture
L- lean forwards the patient
E- eye contact
R- relax
"Do" for communication - ✔️✔️Silence
Present reality
Actively listen
Ask questions (SOLER)
Use open-ended questions
Summarize
Offer self
Touch
Set boundaries!
,"Don't of communication - ✔️✔️Ask irrelevant questions
Offering personal opinions
Stereotype
Give advice
Give false Reassurance/hope
Minimizing feelings
Change topic
Judge
Offer sympathy
Ask why questions!
T or F: The following is a form of therapeutic communication:
If I were you, I would take the medication the doctor prescribed. - ✔️✔️False
T or F: The following is a form of therapeutic communication:
Tell me what your concerns are regarding the procedure. - ✔️✔️True
AIDET - ✔️✔️A-Acknowledge
I-Introduce
D-Duration
E-Explanation
T-Thank you
ISBAR - ✔️✔️IDENTIFY
SITUATION
BACKGROUND
ASSESSMENT
RECOMMENDATION
Pre interaction, orientation, working, resolution (termination) - ✔️✔️The phases of
communication between the nurse and a patient
Preinteraction - ✔️✔️Phase of nurse/ patient interaction which happens prior to
meeting patient, gathering information about them (name, DOB
Orientation - ✔️✔️When the nurse and the patient meet, get to know each other, and
learn to trust each other, nurse introducing themselves to patient
Working - ✔️✔️When the nurse and the patient work together to solve problems and
accomplish goals
Resolution (termination) - ✔️✔️End of the nurse-client relationship
,What is the #1 way to prevent the spread of infections? - ✔️✔️Hand Hygiene
Most infections which happen in the health care facility are due to - ✔️✔️Healthcare
workers hands
What does the nonspecific innate immune defense system do? - ✔️✔️it keeps
infections out of the body
What does the nonspecific innate defense system consist of? - ✔️✔️Skin, hair, nails,
mucous membranes
What is the action of the specific adaptive defense system? - ✔️✔️it finds the
pathogens that got into the body through the nonspecific defenses
There are a number of ways to stop the chain of infection, describe some of them. -
✔️✔️Sanitation, disinfection, sterilization, handwashing, isolating, ppe, medical asepsis
technique, sterile asepsis technique, cover wounds, keep skin intact, immunizations,
diet and exercise, reduce stress
Isolation precautions - ✔️✔️Used when a patient who is at high risk for acquiring
microorganisms from either the environment or from other patients, staff, or visitors
Neutropenic isolation - ✔️✔️Neutropenia (low neutrophils, wbc)
-Low WBCs [normal is 5,000 to 10,000]
-No fresh flowers
-WASH hands, wear a mask, be super clean
DVT
pneumonia
loss of consciousness
infection - ✔️✔️Potential complications after surgery
Signs and symptoms of phlebitis at an IV site - ✔️✔️Erythema, tenderness, drainage,
hard palpable cord
Immunocompromised - ✔️✔️When a person has a low number of neutrophils in their
immune system, they become
Patients with aids or those on immunosuppresants - ✔️✔️Who is at risk for being
immuncompromised
Stress can lead to - ✔️✔️STRESS
, Incubation stage of infection - ✔️✔️Virus is entering the body and first symptoms are
showing
A systemic infection is known to affect the whole body, what are some clinical
manfestions of this? - ✔️✔️-Fever
-Chills
-Tachypnea
-Tachycardia
-Malaise
-Fatigue
-Nnausea, vomiting, diarrhea
-Abdominal cramps
-Enlarged lymph nodes
A local infection confined to a particular part of the body is indicated by what
manifestions? - ✔️✔️-Erythema
-Warmth
-Edema
-Pain at site
-Drainage
Is pain considered a systemic or localized infection? - ✔️✔️Local
What are some labs that are drawn and lab values that will indicate an infection? -
✔️✔️Leukocytosis: WBC greater than 10,000
ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) greater than 20 MM/HR
cultures: stool, urine, blood, and sputum samples
X-ray, CT, MRI, Biopsy
What are some nursing interventions to prevent the spread of infection? - ✔️✔️-Hand
hygeine
-Use infection control precautions
-Ppe
-Vaccines
-Fluids
-Turning patients every 2 hours or less to prevent what?
-Medications
-Education
-Oral hygiene
Prodromal stage of infection - ✔️✔️During this stage the person is most infectious and
symptoms are becoming more specific; pathogen is multiplying
Illness stage of infection - ✔️✔️Signs and symptoms are occurring
Convalescence stage of infection - ✔️✔️Recovery
Urinary tract infections, surgical site infections, blood stream infections, and pneumonia-
ventilated associated infections are mostly acquired where? - ✔️✔️Hospital
What kinds of patients are at risk for infection? - ✔️✔️-The immunocompromised
-People that go into crowded environments
-Older adults
-Patients with poor lifestyle choices: unprotected sex, drug users
-People with poor hygiene
-People recently exposed to a virus
INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION - ✔️✔️Communication within an individual
(self-talk)
SMALL GROUP COMMUNICATION - ✔️✔️Communication within a group of people
working towards a mutual goal.
S.O.L.E.R. - ✔️✔️S- sit facing the patient
O- open posture
L- lean forwards the patient
E- eye contact
R- relax
"Do" for communication - ✔️✔️Silence
Present reality
Actively listen
Ask questions (SOLER)
Use open-ended questions
Summarize
Offer self
Touch
Set boundaries!
,"Don't of communication - ✔️✔️Ask irrelevant questions
Offering personal opinions
Stereotype
Give advice
Give false Reassurance/hope
Minimizing feelings
Change topic
Judge
Offer sympathy
Ask why questions!
T or F: The following is a form of therapeutic communication:
If I were you, I would take the medication the doctor prescribed. - ✔️✔️False
T or F: The following is a form of therapeutic communication:
Tell me what your concerns are regarding the procedure. - ✔️✔️True
AIDET - ✔️✔️A-Acknowledge
I-Introduce
D-Duration
E-Explanation
T-Thank you
ISBAR - ✔️✔️IDENTIFY
SITUATION
BACKGROUND
ASSESSMENT
RECOMMENDATION
Pre interaction, orientation, working, resolution (termination) - ✔️✔️The phases of
communication between the nurse and a patient
Preinteraction - ✔️✔️Phase of nurse/ patient interaction which happens prior to
meeting patient, gathering information about them (name, DOB
Orientation - ✔️✔️When the nurse and the patient meet, get to know each other, and
learn to trust each other, nurse introducing themselves to patient
Working - ✔️✔️When the nurse and the patient work together to solve problems and
accomplish goals
Resolution (termination) - ✔️✔️End of the nurse-client relationship
,What is the #1 way to prevent the spread of infections? - ✔️✔️Hand Hygiene
Most infections which happen in the health care facility are due to - ✔️✔️Healthcare
workers hands
What does the nonspecific innate immune defense system do? - ✔️✔️it keeps
infections out of the body
What does the nonspecific innate defense system consist of? - ✔️✔️Skin, hair, nails,
mucous membranes
What is the action of the specific adaptive defense system? - ✔️✔️it finds the
pathogens that got into the body through the nonspecific defenses
There are a number of ways to stop the chain of infection, describe some of them. -
✔️✔️Sanitation, disinfection, sterilization, handwashing, isolating, ppe, medical asepsis
technique, sterile asepsis technique, cover wounds, keep skin intact, immunizations,
diet and exercise, reduce stress
Isolation precautions - ✔️✔️Used when a patient who is at high risk for acquiring
microorganisms from either the environment or from other patients, staff, or visitors
Neutropenic isolation - ✔️✔️Neutropenia (low neutrophils, wbc)
-Low WBCs [normal is 5,000 to 10,000]
-No fresh flowers
-WASH hands, wear a mask, be super clean
DVT
pneumonia
loss of consciousness
infection - ✔️✔️Potential complications after surgery
Signs and symptoms of phlebitis at an IV site - ✔️✔️Erythema, tenderness, drainage,
hard palpable cord
Immunocompromised - ✔️✔️When a person has a low number of neutrophils in their
immune system, they become
Patients with aids or those on immunosuppresants - ✔️✔️Who is at risk for being
immuncompromised
Stress can lead to - ✔️✔️STRESS
, Incubation stage of infection - ✔️✔️Virus is entering the body and first symptoms are
showing
A systemic infection is known to affect the whole body, what are some clinical
manfestions of this? - ✔️✔️-Fever
-Chills
-Tachypnea
-Tachycardia
-Malaise
-Fatigue
-Nnausea, vomiting, diarrhea
-Abdominal cramps
-Enlarged lymph nodes
A local infection confined to a particular part of the body is indicated by what
manifestions? - ✔️✔️-Erythema
-Warmth
-Edema
-Pain at site
-Drainage
Is pain considered a systemic or localized infection? - ✔️✔️Local
What are some labs that are drawn and lab values that will indicate an infection? -
✔️✔️Leukocytosis: WBC greater than 10,000
ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) greater than 20 MM/HR
cultures: stool, urine, blood, and sputum samples
X-ray, CT, MRI, Biopsy
What are some nursing interventions to prevent the spread of infection? - ✔️✔️-Hand
hygeine
-Use infection control precautions
-Ppe
-Vaccines
-Fluids
-Turning patients every 2 hours or less to prevent what?
-Medications
-Education
-Oral hygiene
