PC707 Module 7 –CNS Exam with 100% Verified and Updated Solutions

PC707 Module 7 –CNS Exam with 100% Verified and Updated Solutions What occurs in the CNS when you take benzodiazepines? -answerSedation Decreased anxiety Muscle relaxation Anti-convulsant action What is the recommendation for the most effective treatment of generalized anxiety disorder? -answera combination of psychotherapy and an SSRI/SNRI MOA of anti-depressants? -answerblocks the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, and some dopamine from the pre-synaptic neuron, thereby increasing the amount of neurotransmitter in the synapse. What is serotonin syndrome? -answercaused by overdoses of serotonin or drug to drug interactions What drug combinations may cause serotonin syndrome? -answerSSRI and MAOIs Drug and herbal interactions SSRIs and St. John's Wort What are some symptoms of serotonin syndrome? -answerautonomic instability restlessness agitation myoclonus hyperreflexia hyperthermia diaphoresis altered sensorium tremor and chills diarrhea and cramps ataxia headache insomnia What is the black box warning for children and adolescents in taking anti-depressants? - answerinitiation of antidepressant treatment was activating initially and resulted in increased suicidal behaviors for the first few weeks What class of medications is not prescribed by APNs except in psychiatric settings? - answerMAOIs What are the 5 categories of antidepressants? -answerselective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) Other What are SSRIs and SNRIs the most commonly prescribed medications? -answerbecause of their low abuse potential, lack of lethality with overdose and their effectiveness How long does it take to see an initial effect with SSRIs? How long does it take to see the full effect? -answer2-3 weeks up to 6 weeks MOA of SNRIs? -answerboost serotonin and norepinephrine throughout the brain and boost dopamine in the prefrontal cortex Examples of SNRIs? -answerVenlafaxine (effexor) Desvelafaxine SR (Pristiq) duloxetine (cymbalta) Which medication should be avoided in anyone who has a history of seizure risk? - answerBupropion (Wellbutrin) Examples of atypical antidepressants? -answerBupropion (wellbutrin) triazolopyridine (trazodone) If you start a child on an SSRI when should they follow up? -answer1 week after initiation and then every week for a month, then every other week What is the gold standard for treatment of bipolar? -answerlithium Where is lithium metabolized? -answerby the renal system What happens if a patient taking lithium becomes sodium depleted? -answerit will cause lithium retention and lead to a toxic reaction Does lithium have a broad or narrow therapeutic range? -answernarrow- therefore patients can easily develop toxicity Aside from lithium, what other medications may be used to treat bipolar disorder? - answeranticonvulsants (depakote, lamictal and topamax) atypical antipsychotics What is bipolar disorder characterized by? -answermood fluctuations, sometimes to the extreme, fluctuates between mania and depression. Excessive or distorted degree of happiness or sadness. What are the mood stabilizers in the treatment of bipolar? -answerlithium anticonvulsant agents S/E of lithium? -answerweigh gai