CLEP Human Growth & Development Exam Questions and Answers 2024

The first negative emotion clearly exhibited during infancy is - Distress In which of the following stages of development do tissues develop into the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm germ layers? - Embryonic Anxiety over performance can positively motivate school achievement in children as long as the degree of anxiety is - Moderate According to Jean Piaget, cognitive development begins with which of the following? - Sensorimotor activities Studies in which the same people are tested at different ages are called - Longitudinal Which of the following is most central to the concept of sensitive period? - Particular experiences are especially influential at a certain time in development Jimmy saw his favorite candy for sale in the store. He had no money, so he planned to steal it. However, he changed his mind and decided not to do it, because stealing is wrong. According to Sigmund Freud's theory, which part of Jimmy's personality prevented him from stealing? - Superego If reinforcement is to be most effective in the learning of a new behavior, the reinforcement should be - Provided soon after the desired behavior occurs In Harry Harlow's experiments, infant monkeys raised with only wire or cloth "mothers" were LEAST fearful in strange situations in the presence of - the "mother" who had provided contact comfort Red-green color blindness is best described as - A sex-linked recessive trait Over summer vacation, Gwen sees a boy she knows from school, but she has difficulty remembering his name. Which of her memory processes is failing in this situation? - Retrieval Which of the following theorists did NOT develop a stage theory? - B.F. Skinner Which of the following is true of menopause in men? - Menopause is physically impossible because males do not menstruate Which of the following dimensions of infant temperament has the strongest positive correlation with antisocial behavior later in life? - Irritable distress In accounting for the rapid expansion of a child's early vocabulary, Susan Carey argued that a major role must be played by the child's own active cognitive processing. Adults simply cannot teach a child exactly what referent every word picks out. Carey coined which of the following terms to denote this concept? - Fast mapping According to Lev Vygotsky, the range between what a child can do alone and what a child can do with assistance is referred to as - The zone of proximal development A researcher is evaluating the effects of three different types of parent-education programs on adolescent mothers' interactions with their toddlers. What is the independent variable in this investigation? - Type of parent education program Which of the following is a cause-and-effect pair that could be tested in a research study using an experimental design? - Music lessons . . intelligence A developing organism is most vulnerable to the effects of teratogens during the period of the - Embryo With regard to sexual maturity, females generally mature - Two years earlier than males do Proximodistal development is exemplified by which of the following? - Control of gross arm movements prior to fine motor control of the fingers Newborn infants were given either smooth or knobby pacifiers to suck. They were later allowed to look at both types of pacifiers. They looked longer at the type of pacifier they had previously sucked. This finding indicates that newborn infants have - Intermodal perception Which of the following cues is most useful to an infant in determining which elements go together to form a coherent object? - Common Movement Order the types of play below from the least cognitively mature to the most cognitively mature. I. Cooperative play II. Pretense/symbolic play III. Constructive play - III. Constructive, II. Pretense/Symbolic, I. Cooperative The stage of formal operations is characterized by - Abstract thought and hypothetical problem solving Katie, a preschooler, sees a llama at the zoo for the first time and calls it a sheep. This is an example of - Overextension