REGIS COLLEGE – SCHOOL OF NURSING
NU606: Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 1 (2026)
Time Allowed: 2 hours
Total Points: 150
SECTION I: MULTIPLE CHOICE
40 questions – 2 points each (80 points)
Instructions: Select the ONE best answer
1. Which mechanism is primarily responsible for cellular
injury during hypoxia?
A. Free radical accumulation
B. ATP depletion with failure of ion pumps
C. DNA methylation
D. Caspase activation
2. Elevated AST and ALT with hepatomegaly most strongly
suggest:
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Fatty change (steatosis)
C. Liquefactive necrosis
D. Gaseous necrosis
, 3. Apoptosis differs from necrosis because apoptosis:
A. Causes inflammation
B. Is energy-dependent and regulated
C. Results from ischemia only
D. Always involves cell swelling
4. Oxidative stress damages cells primarily by:
A. Enhancing ATP synthesis
B. Damaging lipids, proteins, and DNA
C. Stabilizing cell membranes
D. Inhibiting calcium entry
5. Chronic inflammation is characterized by predominance of:
A. Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils
C. Macrophages and lymphocytes
D. Basophils
6. The intrinsic apoptotic pathway is triggered by:
A. Fast receptor activation
B. Mitochondrial cytochrome c release
C. Caspase-8 activation
D. Complement binding
NU606: Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 1 (2026)
Time Allowed: 2 hours
Total Points: 150
SECTION I: MULTIPLE CHOICE
40 questions – 2 points each (80 points)
Instructions: Select the ONE best answer
1. Which mechanism is primarily responsible for cellular
injury during hypoxia?
A. Free radical accumulation
B. ATP depletion with failure of ion pumps
C. DNA methylation
D. Caspase activation
2. Elevated AST and ALT with hepatomegaly most strongly
suggest:
A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Fatty change (steatosis)
C. Liquefactive necrosis
D. Gaseous necrosis
, 3. Apoptosis differs from necrosis because apoptosis:
A. Causes inflammation
B. Is energy-dependent and regulated
C. Results from ischemia only
D. Always involves cell swelling
4. Oxidative stress damages cells primarily by:
A. Enhancing ATP synthesis
B. Damaging lipids, proteins, and DNA
C. Stabilizing cell membranes
D. Inhibiting calcium entry
5. Chronic inflammation is characterized by predominance of:
A. Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils
C. Macrophages and lymphocytes
D. Basophils
6. The intrinsic apoptotic pathway is triggered by:
A. Fast receptor activation
B. Mitochondrial cytochrome c release
C. Caspase-8 activation
D. Complement binding
