Pmhnp Prep Exam 100%

What routes of med admin are parenteral - All Injections ( IM Sub Q IV, Intrathecal), AND Inhaled , transdermal (patches) , transmucosal (sublingual, nasal, rectal) . All PO meds = enteral; Topical is all ointments placed on the skin PO meds absorption pattern - Varies greatly due to: »»Stability and solubility of the medication »»Gastrointestinal pH and emptying time »»Presence of food in the stomach or intestines »»Other medications currently being administered »»Forms of medications (enteric-coated pills, liquids) Rectal medication admin is? - Unreliable/ inconsistent absorption/ good for unconscious, vomiting pts or small children parenteral = - any route of administration other than oral or rectal ; injections, irrigation solutions, dialysis solutions Pharmacokinetics - What the body does to drug/ how it processes it. The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted. factors that impact drug absorption - Body Factors: Area of absorptive surface i.e. in GI the microfolds increase surface area, gut pH level, GI motility, presence of other substances. other diseases; In elderly less acidic stomach ph and less blood flow to GI. Drug Factors: Formulation , molecular size , lipid water solubility, concentration etc. Pharmacodynamics - = study of what a drug does to body relationship between drug concentration @ site of action and resulting effect, including time course and intensity of therapeutic and adverse effects. The effect of a drug present at site of action is determined by that drug's binding with a