Multicultural Counseling Midterm Correct 100%

Majority group members may react emotionally to the text; their reactions include....(5) - ANSWER 1. Anger 2. Resentment 3. Defensiveness 4. Resistance 5. Rejection Students of color have strong feelings when issues of oppression are raised; these feelings include...(3) - ANSWER 1. Feelings of being heard 2. Liberated 3. Validated Resistance to diversity training reveals it is manifested in 3 forms: - ANSWER 1. Cognitive Resistance (Denial) - disbelief, unwillingness to consider alternative scenarios, distortion, fabrication, and rationalizations EX: white person not believing that people are being discriminated against because of their race 2. Emotional Resistance - feeling of guilt, defense, turning off, helplessness when racism is brought to your attention 3. Behavioral Resistance - resistance that entails paralysis or inaction in the presence of discrimination from majority group individuals When counseling the culturally diverse, counselors should...(3) - ANSWER 1. Be open to lower personal defenses 2. Be able to recognize human condition 3. Be able to recognize spiritual and emotional domains in others Etic - ANSWER AKA: Cultural Universality Belief that human beings share overwhelming commonalities. Belief that manifestation and treatment of disorders are similar across all cultures Emic - ANSWER AKA: Cultural Relativism Belief that cultural differences must be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of culturally diverse groups. Worldview - ANSWER Composed of people's attitudes, values, and beliefs that affect how people think, define events, make decisions, and behave Culture Bound Syndromes - ANSWER Mental disorders unique to various cultures EX: Ataque de nervios ("attack of the nerves") - cultural syndrome occurring in latin american cultures - distinguishable from American panic attacks Cultural Collectivism - ANSWER Philosophy that the psychosocial unit of identity resides in the family, group, or collective society Cultural Competence - ANSWER Awareness, knowledge, and skills needed to function effectively with culturally diverse populations. Cultural Humility - ANSWER Complementary component to cultural competence. Open attitude to working with diverse clients. Cultural Incompetence - ANSWER When counselors impose their standards of normal and abnormal upon culturally diverse clients without considering cultural differences Cultural Relativism - ANSWER Belief that the manifestation and treatment of mental disorders must take cultural differences into consideration Tripartite Framework - ANSWER Made up of.... 1. Universal Level 2. Group Level 3. Individual Level "All individuals in many respects, are like no other individuals, like some individuals, and like all other individuals." Group Levels of Identity - ANSWER Identity associated with group membership EX: race, gender, sexual orientation, religious affiliation, etc. Individual Level of Identity - ANSWER Identity which acknowledges that no two individuals are alike, because people are unique and do not share the same experiences in life, not even identical twins Universal Level of Identity - ANSWER Identity that acknowledges people have a universal level of identity, are similar to one another, originate from the same species, and share qualities that make them human. EX: biological/physical similarities, self-awareness, symbol usage Components of Multicultural Counseling/Therapy (MCT) - (6) - ANSWER 1. Helping role and process - broadens the roles and expands the skills of counselors 2. Consistent with life experiences and cultural values - using techniques and defining goals consistent with clients' cultures 3. Individual, group, and universal dimensions of existence - helping recognizes the totality of all 3 dimensions 4. Universal and culture-specific strategies - different minority groups might respond best to culture-specific strategies 5. Individualism and collectivism - client is perceived as an individual as well as the product of his/her social and cultural context 6. Client and client systems - dual role in helping the client focus on their individual self and/or the systems they are involved depending on the issue 3 Competencies of Multicultural Competency - ANSWER 1. Therapist's awareness of one's own assumptions, values, and biases. 2. Understanding the worldview of culturally diverse clients. 3. Developing appropriate intervention strategies and techniques. Model Minority - ANSWER Socially marginalized group that is deemed to have been successful in US society. EX: Asian American Interracial/Interethnic Bias - ANSWER Bias that a person of one ethnic group harbors for members of another. Fueled by stereotypes or negative experiences with a member of the other group. Causes cognitive dissonance/denial by holder of the bias Interracial/Interethnic Discrimination - ANSWER Discrimination extended to a ethnic group or member by another group or member. Interracial/Interethnic Conflict - ANSWER Differences and conflicts between ethnic groups that are infrequently publicly aired because of possible political ramifications. Interracial/Interethnic Group Relations - ANSWER Historical and current relationships between ethnic groups. Socially Marginalized Groups - ANSWER Groups excluded from the dominant social order. Often linked to culture and social statues. Stereotype Threat - ANSWER Individual of a marginalized group fears inadvertently confirming a mistaken notion (stereotype) about their group. Cultural Deprivation - ANSWER Belief that groups of color are "culturally deprived" because they lack white, middle-class values Cultural Encapsulation - ANSWER Counselors who are culturally unaware and who operate in isolation from a broader cultural context Cultural Paranoia - ANSWER Guardedness, suspiciousness, mistrust of marginalized group members toward majority group members Culture-bound Training - ANSWER Training that reflects only one cultural perspective. Usually white, euroamaerican, middle class Ethnocentric - ANSWER Belief that one's culture is superior to other cultures Culturally Deficient Model - ANSWER Belief that people of color are inferior because they were culturally disadvantaged, deficient, or deprived of a white middle-class upbringing