CPR QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED TO PASS

What is the definition of CPR? Explain the purpose and desired outcomes for performing CPR. - CPR stands for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, which is an emergency procedure done to save a life if the heart starts beating out of rhythm. The purpose of CPR is to improve the patient outcome and save a life. In the year mouth-to-mouth resuscitation was adopted by the US military for reviving unresponsive victims. - 1957 The doctor that performed the first documented chest compressions in humans was Dr. in the year . - Friedrich Maass, 1891 What year was cardiopulmonary resuscitation developed? - 1960 What are the 5 links in the adult chain of survival for in-hospital cardiac arrest? - 5 links in the adult chain of survival for in-hospital cardiac arrest: 1. Surveillance, prevention, and treatment of prearrest conditions 2. immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system. 3. Early CPR with an emphasis on chest compressions. 4. Rapid defibrillation 5. Multidisciplinary post-cardiac arrest care. What is an automated external defibrillator (AED)? How does it work? - An AED is a lightweight, portable, computerized device that can identify an abnormal heart rhythm that needs a shock. The AED can identify and deliver a shock that can stop the abnormal rhythm and allow the hearts abnormal rhythm to return. Anyone can operate an AED. What is a manual defibrillator and how does it differ from an AED? - A manual defibrillator and an AED differ in the way the voltage if applied. An AED measures and applies the amount of voltage that is necessary. A manual defibrillator measures the amount of voltage needed, but the voltage needs to be set manually. What is a joule? How many joules can an AED utilize to administer a shock? - Joules are the amount of energy an automated external defibrillator, or AED, delivers in a life-saving shock to the heart of a victim of a sudden cardiac arrest. The device will automatically deliver 200 joules to the patient. Some AED can deliver higher doses up to 360 joules. Who can use and AED? - Any person can use an AED, even non-medical personnel. Name five locations besides a hospital or clinic where an AED might be available for use? - Shopping center, apartments, business, fitness facility, school How long are the AED's batteries and pads good for? - It depends on the model of AED, but usually the battery will last 2-7 yrs, while the pads will last 2-5 yrs. Why is combining CPR and the AED important for the patient's survival? - It is important to combine both CPR and AED because both will increase the chances of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), which increases the patients survival rate. Tachycardia in an adult victim. - heart beats faster than normal at rest. Bradycardia - abnormally low heart action Normal Sinus Rhythm - A sinus rhythm is any cardiac rhythm which depolarization of the cardiac muscle begins at the sinus node. it is characterized by the presence of correctly oriented p waves. This is the rhythm of a healthy heart. Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia - abnormal electrical pattern at the ventricles, it is a life-threatening situation. Ventricular Fibrillation - is a heart rhythm problem that occurs when the heart beats with rapid, erratic electrical impulses, which causes pumping chambers in the heart to shake uselessly instead of pumping blood. Pulseless Electrical Activity - Organized or fairly organized electrical activity in the heart. Which of the above rhythms do not have a pulse? - Pulseless Electrical Activity Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia For which two heart arrhythmias will the AED advise to deliver a shock? - Pulseless ventricular tachycardia ventricular fibrillation. What is the Good Samaritan Law? - encourages bystanders to actively help people in possible life threating situations. The victim can not sue a person who helped for wrongdoing. t/f Lay person rescuers are covered by the Good Samaritan Law. - true What is the difference between expressed consent and implied consent when providing medical care to a victim? - implied consent is when a rescuer is unable to communicate with the victim it is less direct. Expressed consent is given by the parties involved. What is an advanced airway? Give two examples. - It is done to manage the airway by opening airways and clearing the way between the patients lungs and the outside world. some examples include, endotracheal tube (ET) and esophageal tracheal tube (combitube). How much oxygen is in room air? - ~21% How much oxygen does a rescuer provide for a patient when providing ventilation via a pocket mask without supplemental oxygen (just the resucer's exhaled air)? - ~17% As you prepare to give a breath to your patient, you notice they have dentures. What should you do next? - If the patient has dentures that are secure in the​ mouth, leave them in place. It is much easier to establish a tight mask seal with the dentures in place. If the dentures are extremely​ loose, remove them so they do not dislodge and occlude the airway. Partial dentures​ (plates) may also become dislodged and occlude the airway. If the partial plate is​ loose, remove it. Reassess the mouth frequently in patients who have dentures or partial dentures to ensure that these appliances have not come loose. What is a tracheostomy tube and where is it located? - A tracheostomy tube is a procedure that creates an opening through the neck into the trachea. a tube is placed in the windpipe (trachea) to provide an airway. What is a tracheostomy stoma? - A tracheostomy stoma is the name of the hole in the neck into the trachea that the tube passes through How do you ventilate (breathe) a stoma? - You must ventilate the victim through the stoma at the same rate as you would through the mouth. The person must be ventilated through the stoma with the BVM bag. The BVM mask can be taken off and attached directly to the tracheotomy tube. How is CPR different when the patient has an advanced airway? - compressions should be continued at a rate of about 100 bpm without pausing for ventilation. ventilation changes to about one breath every 6-8 sec. Also there is no pause to deliver breaths, compressions are given while performing compressions. What is the definition of a child by the American Heart Association? - A child is defined as 1 years old until puberty. What is the definition of an infant by the American Heart Association? - An infant is defined as less than a year old (excluding new born infants). For the following age groups, how often do you give rescue breaths to a victim who has a pulse, but is not breathing adequately? - infant- 1 breathe every 3-5 seconds child- 1 breathe every 3-5 seconds adult- 1 breathe every 5-6 seconds Where is the proper hand placement and depth of compression for the following age groups? Adult - Put the heel of one hand in the center of the victim's chest, on the lower half of the breastbone (sternum). put the heel of your other hand on top of the first hand. straighten your arms and position your shoulders directly over your hands. press down at least 2 inches (5 centimeters) with each compression.