MS 1 Final Exam USAHS Questions and Answers Already Passed

MS 1 Final Exam USAHS Questions and Answers Already Passed When a joint is referred to as ____________, it means the motion at that joint is limited. There are many factors that can contribute to restricted motion, such as pain, musculotendinous unit dysfunction, bony block, postural malalignment, and effusion. hypomobile A ________________ refers to the adaptive shortening of the soft tissue structures that surround a joint. This causes limited passive and active range of motion. contracture ______________ contracture: the adaptive shortening of the musculotendinous unit and a significant loss of ROM without a specific muscle pathology. These types of contractures can typically be resolved by stretching exercises within a short period of time. Myostatic _______________ contracture: This can be caused by hypertonicity due to a central nervous system lesion, such as a spinal cord injury or traumatic brain injury. It can also be caused by muscle guarding or spasm. Pseudomyostatic ______________ and _____________ contracture: This can result from adhesions, effusion, osteophytes, or other intra-articular pathology. Arthrogenic and periarticular __________ contracture and irreversible contracture: This can result from fibrous changes within the connective tissue of muscle that cause soft tissue structures to adhere to other structures. When normal muscle and connective tissue is replaced by large amounts of fibrotic tissue, such as scar tissue, soft tissue extensibility may not be able to be regained through even surgical interventions. If a fibrotic contracture goes untreated for a long period of time, it may become irreversible. Fibrotic _______________ - stretching of a joint well beyond its normal length of muscle and the ROM of the joint and surrounding soft tissues - can lead to hypermobility Overstretching _____________ - excessive mobility that can cause detrimental joint instability if the supporting structures of the muscle control of the joint cannot keep it in stable position during activities - this may lead to an increased risk of injuries Hypermobility __________ is the ability of the tissue or structure to permanently change its shape or lengthen in the presence of a load. Plasticity Structures are stiffer at ________ speeds of force application, prevent adequate viscous deformation and lengthening to take place thus the structure is stiffer and will snap more readily. It can also be thought of as the ratio of stress ( force) to strain ( elongation) within the elastic material. Hgih ___________ is an important aspect of injury prevention and rehab. A certain amount of muscle length is necessary for optimal length-tension relationships during normal activities of daily living. Changes in these relationships may increase the risk of injury. Flexibility (reduced flexibility has been associated with a greater risk of LE musculotendinous injuries in sports. Additionally, flexibility is an important component of rehab because limited ROM may limit a patient's ability to perform functional activities like descending stairs or performing a basic sit-to-stand.) What are the six main components of the stress strain curve? toe region, elastic region, elastic limit, plastic region, necking, failure The ________ region is where most of our daily functional activities occur within the stress-strain curve. This region is where the connective tissue is slightly wavy due to the matrix being at rest and as minimal amounts of stress occurs in the tissue it causes it to straighten out and aligning the fibers. Toe ____________ region is where creep can occur due to the