BIO 111 TAMU LAB REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+

Safety in the lab 1. Wear gloves 2. Wear goggles 3. Wear close toed shoes 4. Tie up long hair 5. No water or food types of micropipettes P20, P200, P1000 Micropipette an instrument used to measure/deliver amounts of liquid with high accuracy and precision. to find dilution (sample + diluent)^2 To calculate how much solvent and solute to mix together to create a new solution at lower concentration C1V1=C2V2 C1V1 C1= stock solution (mg/mL) V1= volume of the stock 1L to mL 1mL to uL =1000mL =1000uL 1g to mg 1mg to ug =1000mg =1000ug 1M to mM 1000mM Purpose of Lab 2 using standard curves to calculate unknown concentrations How do you measure protein concentration? Bradford Assay, the solution has a color change with protein concentration How do we measure color change/concentration Spectrophotometer Dilution when you take a concentrated sample and mix it with a solvent (water) to get a less concentrated sample Standard Curve a graph in which properties of known samples are measured and plotted. The direct proportionality of these properties can then be used to determine the same information from unknown samples. Spectrophotometer an instrument for measuring the intensity of light that is transmitted through a sample (transmittance) or absorbed by a sample (absorbance) Molar Weight a measure of mass. By definition, a mole is 6x10^23 objects NaCl Bradford Assay spectroscopic analytical procedure used to measure the concentration of protein in a solution, binds to protein to change color β-Galactosidase (β-Gal) an enzyme produced by Escherichia coli (E. coli) that catalyzes the hydrolysis (breakdown of a molecule by using up a water molecule) of the disaccharide lactose to the monosaccharides galactose and glucose ONPG and galactose colorless DCMU prevents photosynthesis in system II, does not affect cellular respiration, therefore flagella can still move With a higher concentration... get a higher absorbance, will even out, runs out of enzymes to bind to enzymes speed up reactions very specific, only work w specific substrates What enzymes did we use in Lab 3 E.coli and B galactosidase What substrate did we use in Lab 3 ONPG Yeast used as eukaryotic experimental model and in fermentation, yeast's function is to perform fermentation. What made the cuvette yellow O-nitrophenol, because of the colored product, we can measure enzyme activity by monitoring ortho-nitrophenol production using a spectrophotometer. What happens when and enzyme is saturated w/ substrates and/or enzymes 1. graph will increase 2. graph will decrease 3. graph will plateau 3. graph will plateau