ABFAS TEST QUESTIONS /BASIC SCIENCE LATEST UPDATE ANSWERED CORRECTLY

ABFAS TEST QUESTIONS /BASIC SCIENCE LATEST UPDATE ANSWERED CORRECTLY How many muscles are associated with the 1st MPJ? - ANSWER 6 all together: 2 Extrinsic (EHL, FHL) 4 intrinsic (EHB, FHB, abductor hallucis, adductor hallucis) What makes up the 1st ray? - ANSWER 1st metatarsal & medial cuneiform How does the axis of the 1st Ray run? - ANSWER Axis runs from anterolateral/slightly plantar to posteromedial/slightly dorsal and is angled about 45 degrees from both the frontal and sagittal planes with little divergence from Transverse. As the 1st ray DF; it inverts and as it PF; it everts What is the axis of the 1st MPJ? - ANSWER The 1st MPJ has 2 axis. Vertical (DF/PL) & horizontal (ABD/ADD); there is no longitudinal axis & therefore any frontal plane motion of the great toe is abnormal. What is normal ROM of 1st MPJ? - ANSWER During static examination the ROM is only 45 degrees (Hallux DF 21-25 degrees + 20 degrees of metatarsal declination) without movement of the first ray. The total ROM of the 1st MPJ during closed kinetic chain motion is 65-75 degrees What is the normal angle of the following? Hallux Abductus: DASA: PASA: Metatarsus primus adductus (IMA): Hallux Interphalangeus (HI): Metatarsal Protrusion Angle: MA: Tibial Sesamoid Position: - ANSWER Hallux Abductus: 15 DASA: 7.5 PASA: 7.5 Metatarsus primus adductus (IMA): 8 Hallux Interphalangeus (HI): 0-10 Metatarsal Protrusion Angle: +/- 2mm MA: 10-20 Tibial Sesamoid Position: 1-3 (tibial sesamoid) What information does the tibial sesamoid position give you? - ANSWER The position of the tibial sesamoid is used as an indication to remove the fibular sesamoid. Generally, the fibular sesamoid should be removed when the tibial sesamoid is in a position of 4 or more. In this position, the sesamoid is resting on or over the crista of the first metatarsal and thus is usually eroded What shape of the metatarsal head is the most stable? - ANSWER When the metatarsal head is square with a ridge it is the most stable vs. round shape which is the most unstable What are the 5 normal first ray essentials - ANSWER 1. Supinated position of the foot in propulsion 2. Normal metatarsal length pattern (2 longer than 3) 3. Normal strength & phasic activity of muscles 4. Normal sesamoid apparatus 5. Stable base of the proximal phalanx What is the most common etiology for HAV deformity? - ANSWER Hypermobility of the 1st ray secondary to subtalar joint pronation or ligament laxity What are other etiologies of HAV deformity - ANSWER 1. Metatarsal deviation caused by asymmetric growth of the met base 2. Metatarsus primus varus 20 degrees (line bisecting 1st met with medial cuneiform) 3. Relative metatarsal protrusion length 4. Rotational deformities (i.e. internal rotation of hip, femur, knee, tibia or foot) 5. Inflammatory joint disease What is the definition of a Congruous 1st MPJ - ANSWER The head of the first metatarsal completely articulates with the base of the proximal phalanx and that the joint space is equal. The line bisecting the 1st met and proximal phalanx are paralle