Basic Chemistry and Biological Macromolecules Exam Study Guide

are the building blocks of all matter - Answer-Atoms What are biological macromolecules - Answer-carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. four classes of biological macromolecules - Answer-carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids The smallest unit of matter is the - Answer-atom All living and nonliving things are composed of - Answer-matter atoms themselves are made of even smaller subatomic particles called - Answer- protons, neutrons, and electrons what makes up the nucleus or center of the atom - Answer-neutron and a proton have almost no mass and are found outside of the nucleus, in zones that are called shells - Answer-electrons are electrically neutral, neither positively nor negatively charged - Answer-neutron Have a positive electrical charge - Answer-proton has a negative charge designated by the negative sign - Answer-electron Which statement is true about the electrons in the lithium atom? A. Electrons are found in the nucleus. B. Electrons fill the outer shell first and then the inner shell. C. Electrons are split as evenly as possible between the first and second shell. D. The electrons fill the inner shell, and then one additional electron is in the second shell. - Answer-D. The electrons fill the inner shell, and then one additional electron is in the second shell. An atom with a positive charge or a negative charge is called an - Answer-ion Two or more atoms combine to form a larger and more complex entity called a - Answer-molecule Molecules are held together through attractions between atoms called - Answer- chemical bonds There are three types of chemical bonds that are important in biology - Answer- covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrogen bonds. What is the "glue" that holds covalently bonded atoms together? A. An electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions B. An electrostatic attraction between opposite partial charges C. One or more electrons that are shared between the two atoms - Answer-C. One or more electrons that are shared between the two atoms Which type of bond is the strongest in biological systems? Covalent Hydrogen bond Ionic - Answer-Covalen