EMT AIRWAY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS VERIFIED CORRECT

Aerobic Metabolism - Metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen Agonal gasps - Occasional, gasping breaths that occur agter the heart has stopped Airway - The upper airway tract or the passage above the larynx, which include the nose, mouth and throat. Alveolar Minute Volume - The volume of air moved through the lungs in 1 minute minus dead space; calculated by multiplying the tidal volume and resp. rate Alveolar Ventilation - Volume of air that reaches the alveoli. It is determined by subtracting the amount of dead space air from the tidal volume American Standard Safety System - A safety system for large oxygen cylinders, designed to prevent the accidental attachment of regulator to a cylinder containing the wrong type of gas. Anaerobic Metabolism - metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen; principle by product is lactic acid. Apnea - absence of spontaneous breathing Aspirations - the introduction of vomitus or other foreign material into the lungs Ataxic Respirations - Irregular, ineffective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable pattern Automatic Transport Ventilator (ATV) - Ventilation device attached to a control box that allows the variables of ventilation to be set. It frees the EMT to perform other tasks while the patient is being ventilated Bag-valve Mask (BVM) - device with one way valve and a face mask attached to a ventilation bag; when attached to a reservoir and connected to oxygen, it delivers more than 90% supplemental oxygen Barrier device - a protective item such as a pocket mask with a valve, that limits exposure to a patient's body fluids Bilateral - A body part or condition that appears on both sides of the midline Bronchioles - Subdivision of the smaller bronchi in the lungs; made of smooth muscle and dilate or constrict in response to various stimuli Copnography - a noninvasive method to quickly and efficiently provide information on a patient's ventilatory status, circulation and metabolism. Effectively measures the concentration of CO2 in expired over time Capnometry - A device that measures the amount of expired CO2, capnometer Carina - point at which the trachea bifurcates into the left and right mainstem bronchi Chemoreceptors - monitor the levels of O2, CO2, and the pH of the cerbrospinal fluid and then provide feed back to the resp. centers to modify the rate and depth of breathing based on the body's needs Compliance - Ability of the alveoli to expand when air is drawn in during inhalation Continous Positive airway pressure (CPAP) - method of ventilation used primarily in the treatment of critically ill patients with resp. distress; can prevent the need for endotracheal intubation dead space - portion of the tidal volume that does not reach the alveoli and thus does not participate in gas exchange Diffusion - process in which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration dyspnea - shortness of breath end-tidal - the amount of CO2 present at the end of an exhaled breath external respiration - the exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood cells in the pulmonary capillaries; also called pulmonary respiration