ATI TEAS Chemistry exam

anion a negatively charged ion atom the most basic complete unit of an element cation a positively charged ion covalent bond a chemical bond in which electron pairs are shared between atoms electron a negatively charged atomic particle group a column of elements in the periodic table ion a positively or negatively charged atom or molecule ionic bond the bond between two oppositely charged ions neutron an atomic particle with no electric charge orbital an area around the nucleus where an electron can be found period one of seven horizontal rows in the periodic table periodic table the table of elements expressed as columns and rows proton a positively charged atomic particle valence electron an electron in an outer orbital that can form bonds with other atoms boiling point the temperature at which a liquid coils and turns into vapor chemical properties characteristics of a material that present during a chemical reaction or chemical change density the mount of mass per volume diffusion the passive movement of substances from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration extensive properties properties that depend on the size of the sample of a substance intensive properties properties that do not depend on the size of the sample of a substance malleability the ability of a metal to be shaped melting point the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquied nonpolar a type of convalent bond in which two atoms share electrons at equal distances from their atomic nuclei osmosis passage of fluid through a membrane physical properties observable properties of matter polar a type of covalent bond in which two atoms share electrons that are not at equal distances from their atomic nuclei. specific heat capacity the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree Celsius boiling the transition of liquid to gas when a substance has acquired enough thermal energy condensation the transition of a gas to a liquid critical point the temperature at which the liquid and gas phases of substances have the same density deposition the transition of substance from gas to solid without passing through the liquid state evaporation the transition of liquid to gas that happens with or without the substance acquired enough thermal energy to reach its boiling point freezing the transition of a liquid to a solid gas a state of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape and is highly compressible liquid a state of matter that has definite volume but not definite shape melting the transition of a solid to a liquid phase diagram a graph of physical states of a substance under varying temperature and pressure solid a state of matter that retains its shape and density when not contained sublimation the transition of a substance from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state triple point the temperature and pressure at which solid, liquid, and vapor phases of a pure substance coexist acid a substance with a pH less that 7