Bio 252 Exam 2 | 114 Questions and Answers with complete solution

What glands make up the endocrine system? - hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal gland, pancreas, thymus, pineal gland, parathyroid gland, testes, ovaries what are the two main regions of the adrenal glands - cortex and medulla mineralcorticoids - regulate the concentration of certain minerals glucocorticoids - help respond to stress androgenic steroids - sex hormones posterior pituitary gland (below hypothalamus) - not a gland; stores hormones; sort of an extension of the hypothalamus; neurohormones are produced in the hypothalamic neurons and stored at axon terminals in the post. pit.; ADH and Oxytocin ADH (antidiuretic hormone) (post. pit.) - homeostasis of H2O; acts on the kidney to retain water; osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus monitor the solute concentration of blood; ADH made by hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland Oxytocin (post. pit.) - stimulates contraction of smooth muscles of the uterus (involved in birth); synthetic oxytocin used to induce labor; triggers milk production (the "let down" reflex anterior pituitary gland (below hypothalamus) - is a real gland; synthesizes and secretes hormones in response to hypothalamus control and input; hormones target cells and target glands; TSH, ACTH, LH (these three are tropic, so they stimulate the release of hormones), PRL, GH (these two are non-tropic) Growth Hormone (GH) (ant. pit.) - stimulates growth of most tissues through effects on epiphyseal plate and muscle mass; mainly causes anabolic metabolism; involved in increasing glucose levels in the bloodthyroid - butterfly shaped, surrounds the trachea, made of many follies composed of epithelial cells surrounding a colloid, highly vascularized