HMX Immunology Final Exam Study Guide Already Graded A

HMX Immunology Final Exam Study Guide Already Graded A Tissue resident sentinel cells include (3 types) Dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast cells Circulating leukocytes involved in innate response (2 types) Monocytes and neutrophils Phagocytic immune cells (2 types) Macrophages and neutrophils Difference between macrophages and neutrophils? Neutrophils are short lived and will undergo apoptosis after eating a microbe; macrophages are longer-lived and will eat apoptotic cells and waste General cytokine role in innate immune response (and what cells release them?) Released by dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast cells. Pro-inflammatory molecules that interact with blood vessel endothelium to recruit circulating leukocytes, fluid, and proteins into tissue Which tissue-resident sentinel cell will release histamine upon activation? Mast cell Cytokines promote up-regulation of what kind of molecule within blood vessel walls? Adhesion molecules E-Selectin An adhesion molecule that helps to slow down circulating leukocytes in innate immune response (low-affinity interaction) E-Selectin Ligand A ligand expressed by circulating leukocytes that helps them stick to blood vessel endothelium in innate immune response ICAM-1 An adhesion molecule that helps circulating leukocytes bind to blood vessel endothelium in innate immune response (high-affinity interaction) Integrins (and the name of a specific one) A class of adhesion molecules expressed on circulating leukocytes; LFA-1 binds to ICAM-1 in a high affinity interaction during the innate inflammatory response Stable Arrest When a circulating leukocyte comes to a stop within the endothelium thanks to adhesion molecule interactions and can enter the tissue Pus Comprised of fluid and apoptotic cells/waste as a result of an inflammatory response (DNA, dead bacteria, apoptotic neutrophils) Psoriasis overview Autoimmune disease that can cause skin plaques and arthritis; Skin plaques are caused by immune cells migrating into the skin and initiating an inflammatory response Psoriasis risk factors History of strep infections, skin injury, first degree relative with psoriasis TNF-alpha in psoriasis A pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed in psoriasis that recruits immune cells into the skin and also acts directly on epithelial cells to produce thickened/raised patches Psoriasis treatment (biologics) Target the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and therefore prevent the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells and prevent TNF-alpha from acting directly on epithelial cells Possible side effects of medications that block adhesion molecules Susceptibility to infection due to inhibiting leukocyte entry into tissue Most abundant leukocyte Neutrophils What