MCQ
1 The first stage of prenatal development is called the: Germinal Stage
2 The Germinal Stage is characterized by: All the above (the sperm fertilizing the egg; the
zygote implanting in the wall of the uterus; cell division beginning)
3 Day 4 is characterized by: The egg becomes a morula
4 The 3 layers of the inner mass in embryo are: None of the above (misspelt words)
5 22-26 weeks is known as: The age of Viability
Prenatal Development – 3 stages: Germinal; Embryonic; Foetal
Day 4 (the egg becomes a morula, a solid ball of cells) and Day 5 (the blastocyst hatches
from the coat that surrounded the egg)
Gastrulation (day 16) – 3 cell layers ectoderm; mesoderm; endoderm (embryonic stage)
During Embryonic stage – amniotic sac; placenta; umbilical cord
Neural tube – day 21, forming during Embryonic stage.
Age of Viability – 22/26 weeks Foetal stage.
Teratogens – environmental agents (legal/illegal drugs; toxins; med interventions)
Head-sparing – the body stops growing but not the brain
Transient Exuberance – neurons grow and connections (synapses) proliferate during first 2
years
Gustatory – taste; Olfactory – smell
Habituation – becoming ‘used to’ something; Dishabituation – looking time increase, not
used to
Face recognition – fusiform face area (ffa) on temporal lobe
Chemosensation - gustatory (taste) and olfactory (smell) perceptions
Object Permanence – starts 4-7 months. Understanding that things still exist when they are
not in your field of vision. 18-24 months Object Permanence complete!
Piaget’s Constructivist Theory
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory
Theory of Mind (TOM) – understanding of mental states other than own
, Metacognition – thinking about thinking
Piaget – 3 periods 4 stages !!!
Elementary function - involuntary memory; voluntary attention with intentional memory
ZPD Zone of Proximal Development - is the difference between the child’s ‘actual
developmental level as determined by independent problem solving’ and ‘potential
development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in
collaboration with peers’
Bronfenbrenner’s Model – Macrosystem (values of cultures)!!!; Exosystem; Mesosystem;
Microsystem; Techno-subsystem
Holophrase – single words; Telegraphic speech – two words
Biology – nature; Behaviourism – nurture
Language Acquisition Device (LAD) – humans are inbuilt with LAD, Chomsky suggested!
Language Acquisition Support System (LASS) – Bruner
social and interpersonal nature of language was emphasised
➢ proposed that social interaction plays a fundamental role in the development of
cognition in general and of language in particular
1 The first stage of prenatal development is called the: Germinal Stage
2 The Germinal Stage is characterized by: All the above (the sperm fertilizing the egg; the
zygote implanting in the wall of the uterus; cell division beginning)
3 Day 4 is characterized by: The egg becomes a morula
4 The 3 layers of the inner mass in embryo are: None of the above (misspelt words)
5 22-26 weeks is known as: The age of Viability
Prenatal Development – 3 stages: Germinal; Embryonic; Foetal
Day 4 (the egg becomes a morula, a solid ball of cells) and Day 5 (the blastocyst hatches
from the coat that surrounded the egg)
Gastrulation (day 16) – 3 cell layers ectoderm; mesoderm; endoderm (embryonic stage)
During Embryonic stage – amniotic sac; placenta; umbilical cord
Neural tube – day 21, forming during Embryonic stage.
Age of Viability – 22/26 weeks Foetal stage.
Teratogens – environmental agents (legal/illegal drugs; toxins; med interventions)
Head-sparing – the body stops growing but not the brain
Transient Exuberance – neurons grow and connections (synapses) proliferate during first 2
years
Gustatory – taste; Olfactory – smell
Habituation – becoming ‘used to’ something; Dishabituation – looking time increase, not
used to
Face recognition – fusiform face area (ffa) on temporal lobe
Chemosensation - gustatory (taste) and olfactory (smell) perceptions
Object Permanence – starts 4-7 months. Understanding that things still exist when they are
not in your field of vision. 18-24 months Object Permanence complete!
Piaget’s Constructivist Theory
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory
Theory of Mind (TOM) – understanding of mental states other than own
, Metacognition – thinking about thinking
Piaget – 3 periods 4 stages !!!
Elementary function - involuntary memory; voluntary attention with intentional memory
ZPD Zone of Proximal Development - is the difference between the child’s ‘actual
developmental level as determined by independent problem solving’ and ‘potential
development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in
collaboration with peers’
Bronfenbrenner’s Model – Macrosystem (values of cultures)!!!; Exosystem; Mesosystem;
Microsystem; Techno-subsystem
Holophrase – single words; Telegraphic speech – two words
Biology – nature; Behaviourism – nurture
Language Acquisition Device (LAD) – humans are inbuilt with LAD, Chomsky suggested!
Language Acquisition Support System (LASS) – Bruner
social and interpersonal nature of language was emphasised
➢ proposed that social interaction plays a fundamental role in the development of
cognition in general and of language in particular
