Objective Unit 5: Science in Society

1.A(n) energy resource is one that is consumed faster than it can regener- ate. 2. When converting energy from one form to another, . 3. About 90% of the energy used by an incandescent lightbulb is . 4. Kinetic Energy Potential Energy 5. When considering the conversion of energy from moving water to electrici- ty, put the following steps in the prop- er order. 6. Inferred energy can also be calledheat 7.When comparing an incandescent and an LED lightbulb, the lightbulb is more efficient. nonrenewable There is never 100% efficiency Not used to light the bulb Lost as heat An arrow flying at a target A running car engine Electricity flowing in a wire A fully charged battery Lighter fluid Apple slices Water at a height has potential en- ergy Water moving down by the pull of gravity gains kinetic energy The kinetic energy of the water cranks a turbine A turbine runs a generator that pro- duces electricity LED 8. efficiency Energy is a measure of how much of the energy consumed is used for the desired outcome. 9. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be , but it can change states. 10. On a roller coaster, the cart can only climb a second hill that is lower than the first hill because some of the carts potential energy is lost as . 11. Kinetic Energy Potential Energy 12. Inferred energy can also be called .heat 13.The first law of thermodynamics is also called the law of of energy. 14. Which of the following is not a form of energy? 15. Although most everything has a com- bination of potential and kinetic en- ergy, sort the following according to if they have more kinetic or potential energy. created or destroyed Friction Noise Electricity flowing in a wire A running car engine An arrow flying at a target Lighter fluid A fully charged battery Apple slices conservation Bitcoin Potential Energy= Apple slices, Lighter fluid, A fully charged bat- tery Kinetic Energy A running car engine, An arrow fly- 16. Which of the following is not a law of motion? 17. is the branch of science that deals with nature and the properties of mat- ter and energy. 18. The three laws of motion are also known as . 19. Place these scientists in the order that they lived from earliest to latest. 20. The three laws of motion describe how objects move at . 21. mechanics is the branch of physics that applies to objects at the size of an atom. 22. Galileo Galilei is famous for his work on . 23. The laws of motion are core principles in the branch of science known as . ing at a target, Electricity flowing in a wire Absolute zero Quantum mechanics Wavelength equals 1 divided by frequency physics Classical Mechanics Newtonian Physics Plato Galileo Galilei Isaac Newton Albert Einstein Stephen Hawking Speeds slower than the speed of light Quantum gravity physics 24. 24. According to Newton's second law of motion, the force on an object equals the mass of that object multiplied by the objects acceleration; which of the following objects would require the greatest force to achieve an accelera- tion of 20 feet/second? 25. Because of inertia, a rock at rest on the ground will not move until . 26. According to the third law of mo- tion, when an apple falls and hits the ground, . 27. The first law of motion is the law of . This states that an object at rest tends to stay at rest if not acted upon by an external force. Conversely, and object in motion tends to say in motion, un- less acted upon by an external force. 28. Core sciences, such as physics, plays a key role in and innovation. 29. Which law of motion states that for every action, there is an equal but op- posite reaction? 30. Sort the following according to re- newable or nonrenewable energy re- source. A large boulder A delivery truck Something external causes it to move The apple pushes on the Earth, and the Earth pushes back on the apple The Earth pushes on the apple, and the apple pushes back on the Earth inertia invention The law of action and reaction The third law of motion Renewable= Wind power Hydroelectric Solar power Biofuels 31. Sort the following according to prima- ry or secondary energy resource. 32.A(n) energy resource is one that can be replenished at the same rate or faster than it is consumed. 33. Which is not an advantage of renew- able energy resources? 34. Order the steps of a wind energy sys- tem. Nonrenewable= Nuclear power Coal Natural gas Oil Primary= Crude oil Nuclear energy Natural gas Sunlight Coal Secondary= Propane Gasoline Electricity renewable Readily available infrastructure Inexpensive to set up Kinetic energy of the wind is cap- tured by blades on a windmill The turning blades crank a turbine A turbine moves a generator Electricity is produced Electric fuels devices or is sold to the power company 35. Fossil fuels have their energy origins in , because they are formed from the fossilized remains of plants that lived millions of year ago. 36. Sustainable energy resources . 37.A(n) energy resource is one that is available due to the conversion or pro- cessing of a primary energy resource. 38.A(n) energy resource is one in its orig- inal form, unaltered by conversion or processing. 39. Which is not a major disadvantage of fossil fuels? 40. Sort the following as being an advan- tage of renewable or nonrenewable energy. 41. Which of the following is not produced using constituents from crude oil? 42. When was the first oil well drilled in the United States? sunlight Regenerate quickly and remain available Will not run out secondary primary Causes volcanic eruptions Disrupts salmon breeding Renewable- Low greenhouse gas emissions Will not run out Generally available worldwide Nonrenewable- Available infrastructure Continuous power supply Cheap Firewood (not Plastics,Gasoline,Jet fuel) 43. Oil is a nonrenewable but highly val- ued energy source because it has a high energy 44. Crude oil refineries use the process of to separate the various components so they can be used to produce a va- riety of petroleum-based products. 45. Oil is the process by which crude oil is separated into constants that are used for gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, and other petroleum products. 46. Which of the following countries is not a member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)? 47. Petroleum products include which of the following? 48. Offshore oil drilling in U.S. waters pro- duces . 1859 Just before the U.S. Civil War density fractional distillation refining Barisal The United States Uzbekistan A wide variety of manufactured goods Gasoline, jet fuel, and diesel oil (NOT Onlyfuel,Onlyplastics,Only- Vaseline) More oil than all the states com- bined More oil than California, Texas, and Alaska combined 49. Oil, or petroleum, is formed from microscopic phytoplankton and zoo- plankton that has undergone im- mense stresses of and pressure over geological time. 50. Which of the following is not a top oil-producing state? 51. Oil is used to meet about how much of the United States energy demand? 52. Natural gas is the gaseous form of fuels. 53. Capturing the volatile organic com- pounds (VOCs) produced by fracking wells is called 54. Natural gas is considered the cleanest of the fossil fuels because it produces less . 55. Which of the following is not a major concern with hydrologic fracking? 56. One of the biggest concerns about fracking is that it has serious conse- quences. More oil than all the states com- bined temperature Iowa Maine 37% A little over 1/3 fossil green completion Greenhouse gases Gaseous carbon Decreased salmon population environmental 57. Thanks to hydrologic fracking, U.S. natural gas resources are expected to last how long? 58. The main constituent of natural gas is . 59. Sort the following into which apply to coal, natural gas, or both. 60. Which of the following is not a simian advantage of natural gas? 61. One of the biggest advantages to fracking is the belief that it will lead to . 62. Over 90% of the coal produced in the United States is used to generate . 63. is what is left over when coal is burned for electricity. Around 100 years About one century methane Natural Gas: Cleanest form of fossil fuels Extracted using hydrologic fracking Primarily composed of methane Coal: Extracted using mountaintop min- ing Primary source for electricity pro- duction in the United States Solid form of fossil fuel Both: Nonrenewable resource Fossil fuel Primary energy source It is renewable The United States becoming the largest oil producer Power Electricity Coal ash 64. 64. Coal is a fossil fuel formed from the compressed plant matter of . 65. Coal is primarily composed of atoms. In simple chemical terms, the atoms in coal are bonded together in long chains and complex matrices. 66. In mountaintop mining, for every ton of coal produced, . 67. Sort the following as environmental issues specific to coal or issues im- pacting all fossil fuels. 68. It is estimated that world coal supplies will last . 69. Which of the following is not a method for mining coal? 70. Which country is not a major producer of coal? 71. Coal has its origins in ancient , while oil has its origins in ancient oceans. 72. In coal, the strong bonds that connect the atoms together . Swamp lands that existed over 300 million years ago Ancient swamps carbon 16 tons of rock must be removed 16 tons of earth must be removed Coal- Coal ash Mine tailings Gangue All fossil fuels- Water pollution Carbon emissions Ecological destruction About 250 years Fracking Saudi Arabia swamps contain a massive amount of ener- gy 73. Place these stages of mountaintop coal mining in the proper sequence. 74. There are 642 -fueled power plants in 48 states. 75. When coal is burned, the bonds are broken and the energy is released as 76. Which country is not a major producer of coal? 77. Approximately how many nuclear re- actors are used in the United States to produce electricity? 78. Nuclear power is used in 30 around the globe. 79. Nuclear power is produced in reactors where the unstable atom of uranium is split in a process called , which generates massive amounts of heat to give coal its high energy density Layers of rock and soil above the coal (called overburden) are re- moved. The upper seams of coal are re- moved with spoils placed in an ad- jacent valley Draglines excavate lower layers of coal with spoils placed in spoil piles. Once coal removal is complete, fi- nal regrading takes place and the area is revegetated. coal heat Iraq 107 countries fission boil water to create steam that powers turbines to create electricity. 80. How much of U.S. electricity comes from nuclear power? 81. Which of the following is not an advan- tage to nuclear power? 82. Which of the following was not a lo- cation of a nuclear power plant acci- dent? 83. Which is not a disadvantage to nu- clear power? 84. Uranium has to be before it can be used as fuel. 85. Nuclear energy is a energy source be- cause it relies on a radioactive ele- ment called uranium for its produc- tion, and this element is available in limited amounts. 86. Another form of nuclear power can be produced when hydrogen atoms are forced together to form helium in a process known as . This is how the sun generates energy. One fifth 20% Renewable energy resource Low power plant construction coasts Mount St. Helens Love Canal Generates acid rain Production of greenhouse gasses Enriched nonrenewable fusion 87. fusion The sun is a large star, which gener- ates energy through . 88. A photo-voltaic cell is used to . 89. solar power captures the sun's heat to warm air or water. 90. Two major sources of energy from the sun are 91. Fossil fuels came about as a result of millions of years ago. 92. Which of the following is not a type of geothermal power station? 93. solar power converts energy from the Sun, in the form of photons, into elec- tricity. 94. Which of the following is not a limita- tion of solar energy? 95. Which of the following is the same for wind and fossil fuels? 96. What is the efficiency of photo-voltaic cells in converting sunlight to energy? convert photons from the sun into electricity Change sunlight into electricity passive heat and light Solar energy converted into plants and alga Sunlight captured by plants and alga Cold steam active Produces greenhouse gasses Nonrenewable resource A turbine cranks a generator Less than 25% 97. 97. Place the steps of wind power gener- ation in the proper order. 98. energy comes from the natural heat generated from the Earth. 99. Overall, the U.S. obtains what percent of its electricity from hydropower? 100. Sort the following as disadvantages of biofuels or hydroelectric. 101. In a hydroelectric power plant, the transfer of energy from kinetic to me- chanical energy enables which of the following to occur? 102. Sort the following according to effi- ciency. Wind blows Blades of windmill spin Turbine rotates Generator produces electricity geothermal About 7 % Hydroelectric- Disrupt migration patterns Negatively impact surrounding wa- ter quality Habitat loss Biofuels- Generates greenhouse gasses Uses farmland to produce Water used for irrigation Large turbines within generators to spin and produce electricity A turbine to spin and crank a gen- erator to make electricity Less than 90% efficiency- Incandescent lightbulb Fossil fuels Solar power 103. Switchgrass is an efficient source of because it can withstand drought and flooding and thus has a good range of climatic tolerance. 104. Some of this efficiency of hydroelec- tric power is due to the fact that it is a process, using falling water to gen- erate electricity. Energy inputs are not required in the process. 105. Hydroelectric power is a source of en- ergy because water in the form of pre- cipitation such as rain, snow, or sleet continuously resupplies streams and lakes as part of the natural water cy- cle. 106. Switchgrass is a crop that can be used to make ethanol and other bio- fuels, and is a good alternative to corn producing ethanol because it . 107. Which of the following is not used to generate biofuels? 108. Niagara Falls is used to create large amounts of . 109. The term refers to a number of re- newable energy sources in which bio- 90% or greater efficiency- LED lightbulb Wind power Hydroelectric power biomass passive renewable requires less effort and energy to grow grows quickly and need not be re- planted each year Blueberries Cabbage Hydroelectric power biofuel mass, or biological material, is con- verted into liquid fuel. 110. How efficient is hydroelectric power?More efficient than present-day so- lar power 111. The power-generating stations in Nia- gara provide how much of all the pow- er used in the state of New York and the Canadian province of Ontario? 112. Hydroelectric power, or hydropower, is the use of . 113. The force of the water flowing downhill provides the force to turn hydroelec- tric generators. 114. Which of the following is not a factor that will eventually force the U.S. to increase its use of renewable energy? 115. As a group, all of the renewable ener- gy resources in the U.S. energy portfo- lio make up what percentage of energy consumption? 116. During President Obama's presi- dency, use of solar energy had . 117. energy means energy that is not used up and continues to be available indef- initely. One quarter Flowing water to produce electrici- ty gravitational Previously existing infrastructure New fracking methods Less than 10% About the same as comes from nu- clear power Increased 20-fold Sustainable 118. 118. What percentage of fuel used for transportation in the United States comes from renewable sources? 119. Germany currently produces about 20% of its energy from resources, but has a plan to increase that to 80% by 2050. 120. The United States energy portfolio is highly reliant on which of the follow- ing? 121. An energy portfolio is a combination of diverse energy used to meet the needs of a country. 122. To increase renewable energy, society needs to do all of the following except which? 123. Which of the following is not a renew- able resource? 124. Which of the following is the largest contributor to renewable energy in the United States' energy portfolio? 125. Which of the following is not a factor that limits the increased use of renew- able energy? 126. Rank the following from largest to Less than 10% About 6% renewable Nonrenewable energy resources Focus all efforts on fracking Continue as it is now Natural gas Nuclear power Hydroelectric Minimal greenhouse emissions Petroleum smallest contributor to the U.S. energy Nuclear power portfolio. Hydroelectric Solar power 127. 3,000 A 15 kilogram ball is rolling at 20 me- ters per second. The kinetic energy is joules. 128.A 20 kilogram ball rolls down a 10 me- ter ramp at the rate of 15 meters per second. The kinetic energy is joules. 129.Kinetic energy is the energy of .motion 130.As a ball rolls down a ramp, potential energy is converted into energy and heat. 131. For a rock at the edge of a cliff, poten- tial energy can be calculated by multi- plying of the rock by the gravitational constant by the height. 132. Potential energy can be described as a(n) situation. 133.A rock has just fallen to the bottom of a cliff and is now resting on flat ground. The energy that had been pre- sent as potential energy and as kinetic energy is now all in the form of energy. 134.A marble that is balanced on the head of a pin has energy. 135.An 80 kilogram rock at the edge of a 10 meter cliff has a potential energy of joules. 2,250 kinetic mass unstable heat potential 7,840