Chapter 9 Solid Wastes with 100% correct answers already graded A

What are municipal wastes? everyday items that get thrown away by people or industry; batteries, clothing, furniture, cans/bottles, newspapers Figure 9.1 Cross section of a typical landfill and leachate-collection system - be able to draw Page 191 What is the definition of solid waste? any garbage, refuse, sludge from a waste treatment plant, air pollution control facility and other discarded material, including solid, liquid, semisolid, or gas resulting from industrial, commercial, mining and agricultural operations and from community activities What is excluded from the definition of solid waste? solid or dissolved material in domestic sewage and industrial wastewater discharges What does it mean when wastes are "listed" by the EPA? they are associated with certain commercial chemical products that have been identified as hazardous to human health or the environment When are wastes characterizes as hazardous? if they exhibit ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity Table 9.2 Principal programs and goals of the resource Conservation Recovery Act The resource Conservation Recovery act had three different sets of goals- one for solid waste, one for hazardous waste, and one for underground waste Are there more or less landfills in the US than there were in the 1980's? less Table 9.3 Examples of hazardous waste generated by business and industry Industries that generate hazardous waste are: chemical manufacuturers, metal manufacturers, coal and petroleum manufacturers, vehicle shops, printing/paper, leather, construction, cleaning agents/cosmetic manufacturers, furniture and wood Who oversees nonhazardous waste? Who oversees hazardous waste? Who oversees radioactive waste? state and local governments EPA USNRC (United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission) What is not included in the definition of hazardous waste? This is called nonhazardous waste household waste, agricultural waste used as fertilizer, mining overburden returned to the mine site, and certain wastes produced in the combustion of coal What is mixed waste? waste that contains both hazardous chemicals and radioactive materials 00:00 01:42 Major techniques for minimizing the production of hazardous wastes 1. manage inventory and improve operations 2. modification of equipment to reduce waste and enhance recycling 3. production process changes - substitute nonhazardous for hazardous, eliminate leaks 4. recycle and reuse 5. treatment to reduce toxicity and volume - evaporation, incineration, compaction, chemical Problems with having fewer landfills farther apart How did they deal with this? 1. increase in transfer of municipal waste 2. increase in the exporting of solid wastes from the developed to the developing countries -- they cannot afford to clean up if something goes wrong Making sure that countries were notified and have written consent of the transfer of municipal waste What is the "end of pipe" approach? agencies and organizations responsible for protecting the environment accepted the wastes that were generated and sought to develop satisfactory methods for their treatment and disposal