Contrast Echocardiography QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

Which 3 contrast agents are currently FDA approved? (as of 2015) correct answer: optison, definity, sonovue Optison's stabilization is correct answer: albumin SonoVue's stabilization is correct answer: phospholipid Definity's stabilization is correct answer: phospholipid involves injection of contrast media with high echo reflectants (like bubbles) to outline a chamber or delineate a shunt within the heart correct answer: contrast echo primary reason to use contrast (ventricular wall motion, diastolic wall thickness, and systolic wall thickening) for pts w suboptimal routine exams correct answer: evaluation of lv function determination of LV function is dependent on adequate visualization of what? correct answer: endocardial border epicardium (visceral pericardium), myocardium, endocardium correct answer: 3 layers of the heart 10-20% of all routine echo studies are considered WHAT due to patient obesity or pulmonary disease correct answer: suboptimal The use of contrast agents enhances the ability to differentiate between myocardial tissue and blood within the correct answer: chamber - helps in calculation of EF - assists in delineation of structural abnormalities - shunts - can provide method to evaluate myocardial microcirculation - flow in the tiny vessels inside the myocardium correct answer: other reasons to use contrast IV injection of contrast demonstrates correct answer: volume of blood in myocardium, velocity of blood in myocardium myocardial contrast highlights the myocardium with microbubbles to allow for detection of regions with what? correct answer: acute myocardial infarction, CAD - used for almost 40 years - agents have include: agitated saline solution, fluids which contain gas bubbles - gas microbubbles enhance the "blood" echo by introducing multipl