ACSM STUDY GUIDE Questions sections with accurate answers. Verified.

ACSM STUDY GUIDE Questions sections with accurate answers. Verified. THIS IS EVERYTHING YOU NEED FOR THE ACSM PT EXAM. I PUT EVERYTHING TOGETHER BY USING THE KSA'S. THERE ARE DUPLICATES OF CERTAIN TERMS FOR THE PURPOSE OF I FELT THERE WERE IMPORT AND REALLY WANTED A GRASP ON THEM. BIOMECHANICS - -principles of physics related to energy and force as they apply to the human body PROXIMAL - -CLOSER TO THE TRUNK DISTAL - -further from the trunk SUPERIOR (CRANIAL) - -above, toward the head INFERIOR (CAUDAL) - -lower than, toward the feet ANTERIOR (VENTRAL) - -toward the front POSTERIOR (DORSAL) - -toward the back MEDIAL - -closer to the midline LATERAL - -further from the midline THREE CARDINAL BODY PLANES - -sagittal plane, frontal plane, transverse plane SAGITTAL PLANE - -makes a division into right and left portions FRONTAL PLANE - -makes a division into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions TRANSVERSE PLANE - -makes a division into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions ROTATION - -movement around a longitudinal axis, either toward or away from the midline CIRCUMDUCTION - -a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction EVERSION - -turning the sole of the foot away from the midline INVERSION - -turning the sole of the foot toward the midline Bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum... - -AXIAL SKELETON VERTEBRAL COLUMN (SPINE) - -serves as the main axial support for the body 4 Major curvatures of the adult vertebral column - -cervical curve, thoracic curve, lumbar curve, sacral curve KYPHOSIS "primary curves" - -curves of the thoracic and sacral regions LORDOSIS "secondary curves" - -curves of the cervical and lumbar region Commonly found abnormal curves in the sagittal plane - -hyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis HYPERKYPHOSIS - -exaggerated posterior thoracic curvature HYPERLORDOSIS - -exaggerated anterior lumbar curvature Commonly found abnormal curve in the frontal plane - -scoliosis STERNUM - -midline of the chest What are the 3 parts of the sternum? - -manubrium, body, xiphoid process RF for family history - -myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization or sudden death to a 1st degree family member when 55 male, 65 female RF for cigarette smoking - -within 6 months Risk factor for Dyslipidemia LDL - -Lgreater than 130 mg/dL RF Dyslipidemia Total Cholesterol - -greater than 200 mg/dL RF Dyslipidemia low HDL - -less than 40 mg/dL RF Sedentary minutes of activity, days of week, past # of months - -less than 30 min/day, 3 days/week, for at least 3 months RF Prediabetes fasting blood glucose - -greater than or equal to 100 mg/dL up to 126 greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL - -Fasting Blood Glucose for Diabetes diagnosis RF for Obesity - -body mass of greater then or equal to 30kg/m2; waist girthgreater than 102 cm for men and 88 cm for women RF Age men, women - -45 men, 55 women Negative Risk Factor - -HDL greater than 60 mg/dL RF for hypertensive - -systolic greater than or equal to 140; diastolic greater then or equal to 90; confirmed by 2 separate occasions or on hypertension meds obesity - -excessivly high amounts of body fat or adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass overweight - -increased body weight, in relation to height when compared to some standard of acceptable or desirable weight percent fat - -the total amount of weight that is measured as fat tissue body mass index BMI - -the height to weight ratio can be misleading because it does not consider body type lean body mass - -not fat tissue: muscle, bone, skin etc anorexia nervosa - -the disorder of self-induced starvation bulimia nervosa - -the psychologically addictive cycle of binging/purging USRDA food pyramid - -1. fat, oils & sweets: use sparingly 2. milk, yogurt &cheese 2-3 servings; 3. meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, nuts, eggs: 2-3 servings; 4. fruits: 3-5 serv; 5. veggies: 3-5 serv. 6. bread, cereal, rice, & pasta: 6-11 serv female athlete triad - -amenorrhea, osteoporosis, and eating disorders; when left untreated they damage the musculoskeletal and reproductive systems # of kilocalories in one gram - -Carbo= 4; fats=9; protein=4; alcohol=7 guidelines for losing weight - -500-1000 cal daily to lose 1-2 lbs. per wk; same to increase kilocalaries - -equivalent to losing 1 lb of fat 3500cal waist-hip ratio - -Hips/Waist (ex. 45" waist and 36" hips... 36/45=.8) ratios above .86 for women and .95 for men indicate abdominal adiposity Heart Rate (HR) - -total # of times the heart contracts in one minute, increases with work-rate during exercise Stroke Volume - -amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle in one beat Cardiac Output - -the amount of blood pumped from the heart in one minute Blood Pressure - -arterial pressure providing force for blood flow (systolic and diastolic pressure) Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference - -difference between oxygen content of arterial and venous blood Blood Flow - -distribution of the cardiac output Maximum Oxygen Consumption - -highest rate and amount of oxygen achieved at maximal physical exertion Types of muscle tissue - -cardiac, smooth, and skeletal Cardiac muscle - -cardiac muscle tissue is involuntary, it is the tissue of the heart smooth muscle - -involuntary muscle tissue that lines the arterial walls and organs of the body skeletal muscle - -voluntary and made up of striated fibers Kinesiology - -the study of human movement Bones - -mineral reservior, internal skeleton (levers) joints - -where two bones meet (fulcrum and axis) muscle tissue - -elastic tissue with contractile properties (pulley) tendons - -connective tissue that connects muscles to bone ligaments - -connective tissue that connects bone to bone cartilage - -white fibrous tissue that cushions surfaces and prevents friction (cushions bones) anterior/posterior - -front/ back inferior/superior - -below/ above medial/lateral - -closer to midline/further from midline proximal/distal - -closer to trunk/further from trunk abduction/adduction - -movement away/into from midline horizontal abduction - -the row horizontal adduction - -chest press supination/ pronation - -rotational movement, results in the palm facing upward/downward flexion - -decrease joint angle (elbow curl) extension - -increase in joint angle lateral flexion - -decrease in joint angle (spine side bend, love handles) Physical Activity - -bodily (musculoskeletal movement leading to caloric expenditure Exercise - -movement done for improvement in one or more components of fitness 5 components of Physical Fitness - -a group of characteristics a person achieves/possesses related to physical activity and cardiorepiratory, muscle endurance, muscle strength, flexibility, body composition cardiorespiratory - -increases the capacity of the heart, lungs, and blood carrying vessels to deliver oxygen; also called aerobic fitness