Nurs 548 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Review Complete Solutions

Name the characteristics of acute Rhinosinusitis - ANSWER1. facial pain 2. headache 3. purulent nasal discharge 4. decreased sense of smell 5. fever Name the characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis homins - ANSWER1. Aerobic 2. Have a protective waxy capsule 3. Can stay alive in "suspended animation" for years Miliary TB - ANSWERMinute lesions, resembling millet seeds, resulting from tuberculosis eroding into the blood vessel, disseminating the area affecting almost any organ, particularly the brain, meninges, liver, kidney, and bone marrow. Meat inspection and milk Pasteurization were introduced to protect the food supply. Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome - ANSWER1. Lack of surfactant; infants are not strong enough to inflate their alveoli 2. Protein-rich fluid leaks into the alveoli and further blocks oxygen uptake 3. Treatment with mechanical ventilation may lead to bronchopulmonary dysplasia and chronic respiratory insufficiency Atelectasis - ANSWERIncomplete expansion of the lung or portion of the lung Pneumothorax - ANSWER1. air enters the pleural cavity 2. Air takes up space, restricting lung expansion 3. Partial or complete collapse of the affected lung Spontaneous Pneumothorax - ANSWERAn air-filled blister on the lung that ruptures Traumatic Pneumothorax- Open - ANSWERAir enters the pleural cavity through the wound on inhalation and leaves on exhalation Traumatic Tension Pneumothorax - ANSWERAir enters the pleural cavity through the wound on inhalation but cannot leave on exhalation Name the causes of Intrinsic (Nonatopic) Asthma - ANSWER1. Respiratory Infections- epithelial damage, IgE production 2. Exercise, hyperventilation, cold air- loss of heat and water may cause bronchospasm 3. Inhaled Irritants- inflammation, vagal reflex 4. Aspirin and other NSAIDS- abnormal arachidonic acid metabolism Characteristics of Bronchiectasis - ANSWERInfection and inflammation destroy smooth muscle in airways, causing permanent damage A manifestation of chronic bronchitis not typically seen in this type of patient - ANSWERCor Pulmonale Manifestations seen in Hypercapnia - ANSWER1. Increased Respiration 2. Decreased Nerve Firing- carbon dioxide narcosis, disorientation, somnolence, coma 3. Decreased muscle contraction UTI in special populations- Women - ANSWERMore common in women than men, peak ages 15-24 yr olds Pregnant women at increased risk for UTIs