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Summary Meiosis (reduction division)

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A summary of the IEB Grade 12 Biology Meiosis chapter - covers both phases of meiosis (diagrams included), the importance of meiosis and genetic variation and the differences between meiosis and mitosis

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Meiosis
mm

living by reproduction
reproduce sexual
o rganisms

amalecellspermandfemalecellovumwithone
setofchromosomesinjointomakealargercell zygotern

diploidrn twosetsofchromosomes146pairs
haploid setofchromosomes aspairs
n one

meiosis the
halves amountofchromatinto set
giveasingle ofchromosomes
reductiondivision

aremade
gametes



Theprocessotreauctionaivision



interphasethe
during Dna
cell's replicates thereare Dnamoleculesineachchromosome
two
has
eachchromosome twoi dentical
areheldtogetherbyacentromere
which
chromatids


eachchromosomeisdoublestranded


Meiosis 1

prophase l

s visible
chromosomescondence become

similarinstructureasize
which
chromosomes are uptoformhomologouschromosomes
pair
one
chromosome
beingmaternalxtheother paternal

both
carry for
g enes thesamecharacteristic
nucleolus
begins fade
to
inanimalcellsthecentriolesseparateamovetooppositeendsofcell makespolesin s
inplantcellsthe just
poles appearat endsof
opposite cell



r a centriolesmoving
nucleolus tooppositeends 10 atpoles
arrive
centrioles




K
nucleolus




A
fading
homologous


a
tangled
chromosome
chromosomes
pair




y Fi 10



thechromosomesshortenandhomologouspairsformtomakebivalents

madeoffourchromatids
eachbivalentis twopaternal twomaternal
stick
paternalamaternal t ogetherat ta
calledchiasma
points

atchiasmatathe may
chromatids breakajoin with thehomologouschromatid intoisswapped
genetic

over
crossing

eachchromatidinthe
bivalent
may begeneticallydifferentfromthe
now others

taintroducesgeneticvariation
chiasma

, non recombinantchromatids chromatidsthatdon'tcrossover
recombinantc hromatids chromatidsthatcrossover




nuclear
membrane chiasmata
fading
fl y holding
chromosome
together




a
Formationotchiasmata



Metaphase I

bivalentslineup theequator
along
bytheircentromeres
attachtospindlefibres
they

o pole




É
bivalentheld
together abivalent
atcentromere
equator chromatids


centromeresattached
over
crossing happens
tospinaletibres

Double
stranded
chromosomes




Anaphase


spindlefibres
shorten
strandedchromosomesare
double pulled from
away their partnerto
bivalent poles
opposite




shorten
spindlefibres
the
topull chromosomes
tothepoles
thedouble
s trandedchromosomes
movetothepoles



Telophase




thedoublestrandedchromosomes
when arriveatpolesthenuneaireappearathenuclearmembranetormsarounaeaongroup


spinaletibresaissapear

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Uploaded on
January 15, 2023
Number of pages
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Written in
2022/2023
Type
SUMMARY

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