CRJ 103 Exam 2023 Solved 100%

Adversarial system - ANSWER-The court system that pits the prosecution against the defense in the belief that truth can best be realized through effective debate over the merits of the opposing sides. Bill of Rights - ANSWER-The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which were made part of the constitution in 1791. Civil Law - ANSWER-The form of the law that governs relationships between parties. Criminal Law - ANSWER-The body of rules and regulations that defines and specifies punishments for offenses of a public nature or for wrongs committed against the state or society. Also called Penal Law Felony - ANSWER-A serious crime, generally one punishable by death or by incarceration in a state or federal prison facility as opposed to a jail. Mala in se - ANSWER-Acts that are regarded, by tradition and convention, as wrong in themselves. Mala prohibita - ANSWER-Acts that are considered "wrongs" only because there is a law against them. Misdemeanor - ANSWER-A minor crime, typically one year or less of jurisdiction. Preponderance of the evidence - ANSWER-A standard for determining legal liability, which requires a probability of just over 50 percent that the defendant did what is claimed. Public order offense - ANSWER-An act that is willfully committed and that disturbs public peace or tranquility. Reasonable doubt - ANSWER-Not being sure of a criminal defendant's guilt to a moral certainty. Rule of law - ANSWER-The maxim that an orderly society must be governed by established principles and known codes that are applied uniformly and fairly to all of its members. Also called supremacy of law. Stare decisis - ANSWER-The legal principle that requires that courts be bound by their own earlier decisions and by those of higher courts having jurisdiction over them regarding subsequent cases on similar issues of law and fact. the term literally means "standing by decided matters". Actus reus - ANSWER-An act in violation of the law; a guilty act. Concurrence - ANSWER-The simultaneous coexistence of an act in violation of the law and a culpable mental state. Elements of crime - ANSWER-The basic components of crime. In specific crime, the essential features of that crime, as specified by law or statute. Mens rea - ANSWER-The specific mental state of the defendant at the time of the crime; a guilty mind. Omission to act - ANSWER-An international or unintentional failure to act, which may impose criminal liability if a duty to act under the circumstances is specified by law. Reckless behavior - ANSWER-An activity that increases the risk of harm Strict liability crime - ANSWER-A violation of law for which one may incur criminal liability without fault or intention. Strict liability offenses do not require mens rea. Attendant circumstances - ANSWER-The facts Surrounding an event. "but for" rule - ANSWER-A method for determining causality that holds that "without this, that would not be," or " but for the conduct of the accused, the harm in question would not have occurred". Corpus delicti - ANSWER-The facts that show that a crime has occurred. Literally the "body of crime". Double jeopardy - ANSWER-A second prosecution or a second punishment for the same offense. Ex post facto - ANSWER-Formulated, enacted, or operating retrospectively. Literally, "after the fact." As prohibited by the Constitution, no punitive law may be applied to acts committed before the law was enacted and effective. Proximate cause - ANSWER-Actual cause of injury.