WGU C839 Flash Cards for OA with Complete Solutions

DES - ANSWER-64 Bit Block - 56 Bit Key - 16 Rounds AES - ANSWER-128 Bit Block - 128, 192, 256 Bit Key - 10, 12, 14 Rounds BlowFish - ANSWER-64 Bit Block - 32 thru 448 Bit Key - 16 Rounds TwoFish - ANSWER-128 Bit Block - 1 thru 256 Bit Key - 16 Rounds Serpent - ANSWER-128 Bit Block 128, 192, 256 Bit Key - 32 Rounds SkipJack - ANSWER-64 Bit Block - 80 Bit Key - 32 Rounds IDEA - ANSWER-64 Bit Block - 128 Bit Key - 8.5 Rounds Symmetric Block Ciphers - ANSWER-DES - AES - BlowFish - TwoFish - Serpent - SkipJack - IDEA Symmetric Block Ciphers with 64 Bit Block Size - ANSWER-DES - BlowFish - SkipJack - IDEA Symmetric Block Ciphers with 128 Bit Block Size - ANSWER-AES - TwoFish - Serpent Symmetric Block Ciphers with 128, 192, 256 Bit Key Size - ANSWER-AES - Serpent Symmetric Block Ciphers with 16 Rounds - ANSWER-DES - BlowFish - TwoFish Symmetric Block Ciphers with 32 Rounds - ANSWER-Serpent - SkipJack RC4 - ANSWER-1 thru 2048 Bit Key Size & 1 Round (40 bit minimum recommended) FISH - ANSWER-Uses Lagged Fibonacci pseudorandom number generator PIKE - ANSWER-Revised version of FISH to address known plaintext attack vulnerabilities Symmetric Stream Ciphers - ANSWER-RC4 - Fish - Pike Asymmetric Encryption Algos - ANSWER-RSA - ECC - El Gamal - DSA RSA - ANSWER-Leverages prime number characteristics, bit variable key size, 1 round. Uses Trapdoor function to enable use for encryption and digital signatures. One-way trapdoor functions can be inverted with knowledge of trapdoor factorization information. ECC - ANSWER-Leverages discrete logarithm characteristics El Gamal - ANSWER-Used in recent versions of PGP DSA - ANSWER-A Federal Information Processing Standard for digital signatures (FIPS 186) Hash Algos - ANSWER-MD5 - SHA1 - SHA256 - FORK256 - RIPEMD160 - GOST - TIGER MD5 - ANSWER-128 Bit Hash Value SHA1 - ANSWER-160 Bit Hash Value SHA256 - ANSWER-256 Bit Hash Value FORK256 - ANSWER-256 Bit Hash Value GOST - ANSWER-256 Bit Hash Value TIGER - ANSWER-192 Bit Hash Value Key Exchange Algos - ANSWER-Diffie Hellman (DH) - Menezes-Qu-Vanstone (MQV) - Key Exchange Algorithm (KEA) - Elliptic Curve DH (ECDH) RSA Encryption Formula - ANSWER-C = Me % n RSA Decryption Formula - ANSWER-P = Cd % n EC Formula - ANSWER-y2 = x3 + Ax + B Symmetric Decryption Formula - ANSWER-P = D(k,c) Symmetric Encryption Formula - ANSWER-C = E(k,p) Cipher disk invented by ___ in Year ____ - ANSWER-Leon Alberti - 1466 Vigenere Cipher invented by ____ in ____ Year - ANSWER-Giovan Battista Bellaso - 1553 Playfair Cipher invented by ____ in ____ Year - ANSWER-Charles Wheatstone - 1854 1st successful attack on the Vigenere cipher published by ____ in ____ Year - ANSWER-Friedrich Kasiski - 1863 ADFGVX Cipher invented by ____ in ____ Year - ANSWER-Colonel Fritz Nebel - 1918 Enigma Machine invented by ____ in ____ Year - ANSWER-Arthur Scherbius - 1918 RSA invented ____ in Year ____ - ANSWER-Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Len Adleman - 1977 X.509 first use in ____ Year - ANSWER-1988 DSA filed and attributed to ____ Patent Number ____ in ____ Year - ANSWER-David Kravitz - US Patent 5,231,668 - 1991 DSA adopted by US Government in ____ Year with FIPS ____ - ANSWER-1993 - 186 FISH (Fibonacci Shrinking) published by _____ in ____ - ANSWER-Siemens - 1993 TIGER was designed by ____ in ____ Year - ANSWER-Ross Anderson - 1995 AES (Rijndael) announced as replacement for DES in ____ Year with FIPS ____ - ANSWER-2001 - 197 Electronic Code Book (ECB) - ANSWER-Each block is encrypted independently, BUT identical plaintext blocks are encrypted into identical ciphertext blocks Cipher Bock Chaining (CBC) - ANSWER-Each block of plaintext is XORed with the previous ciphertext block before being encrypted. This way, each ciphertext block depends on all plaintext blocks processed up to that point. To make each message unique, an initialization vector must be used in the first block. Propagating Cipher Block Chaining (PCBC) - ANSWER-Each block of plaintext is XoRed with the XOR of the previous plaintext block and the previous ciphertext block before being encrypted. As with CBC mode, an initialization vector is used in the first block. Cipher Feedback (CFB) - ANSWER-Allows encryption of partial blocks rather than requiring full blocks for encryption. This eliminates the need to pad a block like in CBC. Output Feedback (OFB) Mode - ANSWER-Makes a block cipher into a synchronous stream cipher. It generates keystream blocks, which are then XORed with the plaintext blocks to get the ciphertext. Counter Mode - ANSWER-Turns a block cipher into a stream cipher. It generates the next keystream block by encrypting successive values of a "counter". Substitution - ANSWER-involves XORing the plaintext message with the key? Trapdoor - ANSWER-allows RSA to be used for both encryption and digital signatures. Diffusion - ANSWER-a change in in one bit in the plaintext would affect multiple characters in the ciphertext which two symmetric block encryption modes turn block ciphers into stream ciphers? - ANSWER-OFB - CTR Ciphertext Only Attack - ANSWER-an attack in which the attacker only has access to the ciphertext of a message? Co-Prime - ANSWER-a number that only shares the number 1 as a common factor with another? Differential cryptanalysis - ANSWER-involves the examination of differences in an input and how that affects the resultant difference in output Mono-Alphabetic Ciphers - ANSWER-Atbash - Scytale - ROT-13 Playfair - ANSWER-Cipher makes use of a 5x5 table containing a keyword or key phrase and encrypts pairs of letters or digraphs Cryptosystem - ANSWER-represents the entire cryptographic operation i.e. the algorithm, key, and key management functions Prime - ANSWER-number whose factors are 1 and itself? Pseudo-random number generator - ANSWER-a mechanism used to create number streams with random properties. Examples include Lagged Fibonacci and Mersenne Twister Kerberos Ticket - ANSWER-Used to authenticate. Contains the identity of the client, the session key, timestamp, and checksum Kerberos TGS - ANSWER-Issues tickets Kerberos KDC - ANSWER-Server that provides the initial ticket Kerberos TGT - ANSWER-The ticket that is granted during the authentication process